The behavioral and genetic features of the urban mallard population of Moscow were analyzed in comparison with birds from natural populations of European Russia. The following questions were raised: (a) are there any behavioral differences between urban mallards and mallards in nature? and (b) are there any genetic differences between mallards of the Moscow urban and natural populations? The flight initiation distance and the preferred distance in relation to a human in the city and in nature were determined. Tissues for DNA analysis were taken from mallards far from Moscow. DNA was isolated by the phenol–chloroform method, 12 primers were used for PCR. The effectiveness of PCR was controlled by setting up agarose electrophoresis; fragment analysis was performed using the QI Axcel Advanced device. The flight distances and preferred distances in nature and in the city differed with a high degree of confidence (p < 0.01). DNA comparison was carried out on six microsatellite loci. Processing of results in the R environment (hierstat package) revealed reduced heterozygosity in comparison with the expected one, as well as the presence of small but significant differences in allele frequencies between urban and wild populations (Fisher index 0.037–0.128). The distance between birds from urban and natural populations is 0.24. Positive answers were received to both questions. Birds from the two compared populations differ significantly in behavior, and moderately in neutral genetic markers. Thus, mallards from the sedentary urban group show signs of genetic isolation from the natural migratory populations of Central Russia (Vladimir region).

与欧洲俄罗斯自然种群的鸟类相比，分析了莫斯科城市野鸭种群的行为和遗传特征。提出了以下问题：(a) 城市野鸭和自然界野鸭之间是否存在任何行为差异？(b) 莫斯科城市野鸭和自然种群的野鸭之间是否存在任何遗传差异？确定了与人在城市和自然界中的飞行起始距离和首选距离。用于 DNA 分析的组织取自远离莫斯科的野鸭。DNA采用酚-氯仿法分离，12条引物用于PCR。通过设置琼脂糖电泳来控制PCR的有效性；使用 QI Axcel Advanced 设备进行片段分析。p < 0.01）。对六个微卫星位点进行了 DNA 比较。在 R 环境（hierstat 包）中处理结果显示与预期相比杂合性降低，以及城市和野生种群之间等位基因频率存在微小但显着的差异（Fisher 指数 0.037–0.128）。鸟类与城市种群和自然种群之间的距离为 0.24。这两个问题都得到了肯定的回答。来自两个比较种群的鸟类在行为上存在显着差异，并且在中性遗传标记上存在适度差异。因此，来自久坐城市群的野鸭显示出与俄罗斯中部（弗拉基米尔地区）自然迁徙种群的基因隔离迹象。