Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica are two distinct cultural areas in northern and central Mexico, respectively, that hosted numerous pre-Hispanic civilizations between 2500 BCE and 1521 CE. The division between these regions shifted southward because of severe droughts ~1100 years ago, which allegedly drove a population replacement in central Mexico by Aridoamerican peoples. In this study, we present shotgun genome-wide data from 12 individuals and 27 mitochondrial genomes from eight pre-Hispanic archaeological sites across Mexico, including two at the shifting border of Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica. We find population continuity that spans the climate change episode and a broad preservation of the genetic structure across present-day Mexico for the past 2300 years. Lastly, we identify a contribution to pre-Hispanic populations of northern and central Mexico from two ancient unsampled “ghost” populations.

中文翻译：

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前西班牙中部墨西哥的人口历史和遗传结构

南美洲和中美洲分别是墨西哥北部和中部的两个截然不同的文化区，在公元前 2500 年至公元 1521 年期间曾出现过许多前西班牙文明。由于大约 1100 年前的严重干旱，这些地区之间的分界线向南移动，据称这导致墨西哥中部的人口被亚里达美洲人取代。在这项研究中，我们展示了来自墨西哥八个前西班牙考古遗址的 12 个个体和 27 个线粒体基因组的鸟枪法全基因组数据，其中两个位于南美洲和中美洲的移动边界。我们发现，在过去 2300 年中，人口连续性跨越了气候变化事件，并广泛保存了当今墨西哥的遗传结构。最后，