The impact of excessive screen use on children’s health and development is a public health concern and many countries have published recommendations to limit and guide the use of screen media in childhood. Despite this, international studies report that the majority of parents and children do not adhere to screen use recommendations. Existing research aiming to understand children’ screen use has largely focused on older children, and on demographic and structural aspects of the child’s environment. Parents play a central role in determining young children’s screen use and identify numerous barriers to developing healthy screen use practices with their children. However, no clear models exist that incorporate key parenting factors in understanding children’s screen use, which presents an impediment to intervention development. Likewise, while some evidence exists for interventions to improve children’s screen use behaviours, most are focused on older children and parental involvement has generally been limited. In this paper, we overview key factors associated with screen use in young children (< 5 years) and summarise the existing evidence base for interventions designed to support healthy screen use. This paper proposes a conceptual model linking aspects of parenting and the socio-ecological environment to young children’s screen use. Our proposed model could be used to design longitudinal studies of screen use predictors and outcomes, and inform intervention development. Finally, the paper provides key recommendations for future research, intervention development and testing.

过度使用屏幕对儿童健康和发育的影响是一个公共卫生问题，许多国家都发布了限制和指导儿童使用屏幕媒体的建议。尽管如此，国际研究报告称，大多数父母和孩子并不遵守屏幕使用建议。旨在了解儿童屏幕使用情况的现有研究主要集中在年龄较大的儿童以及儿童环境的人口和结构方面。父母在决定幼儿的屏幕使用方面发挥着核心作用，并发现与孩子一起养成健康的屏幕使用习惯的许多障碍。然而，目前还没有明确的模型将关键的养育因素纳入理解儿童屏幕使用的情况，这对干预措施的发展构成了障碍。同样，虽然有一些证据表明可以采取干预措施来改善儿童的屏幕使用行为，但大多数都集中在年龄较大的儿童上，而家长的参与通常很有限。在本文中，我们概述了与幼儿（< 5 岁）使用屏幕相关的关键因素，并总结了旨在支持健康屏幕使用的干预措施的现有证据基础。本文提出了一个概念模型，将养育方式和社会生态环境与幼儿屏幕使用联系起来。我们提出的模型可用于设计屏幕使用预测因素和结果的纵向研究，并为干预措施的制定提供信息。最后，本文为未来的研究、干预开发和测试提供了重要建议。