Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHCs) are promising electrochemical energy storage system candidates owing to their eco-friendliness, low-cost, reliable safety, and high-power density. Of particular note, ZIHCs are desirable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because they can overcome the disadvantages of LIBs, such as the explosion hazard and the complex manufacturing process. Nevertheless, the low specific capacity of ZIHCs caused by their limited active sites and poor cycling stability because of their low wettability and irreversible Zn dendrite formation at the electrode has hindered their commercial application. Herein, for the first time, the fabrication and interfacial engineering of ZIHCs using vanadium (IV) oxide sulfate (VOSO₄) as an additive chemistry agent is described, and the effect of the additive on the electrochemical performance is demonstrated. After the activation process, the resultant supercapacitor exhibits a zinc vanadium hydrate (ZVO) layer on both the anode and cathode. The electrochemical role of the ZVO layer on the electrodes are as follows: i) improved active sites for Zn-ion intercalation at the cathode, ii) enhanced wettability between electrolyte and electrodes, and iii) buffer layer for the suppression of undesirable and irreversible Zn dendrites at the anode.

中文翻译：

---

界面电化学介质工程可调钒锌水合物氧缺陷增强锌离子混合超级电容器的氧化还原反应

锌离子混合超级电容器（ZIHC）因其环保、低成本、可靠的安全性和高功率密度而成为有前景的电化学储能系统候选者。特别值得注意的是，ZIHC 是锂离子电池（LIB）的理想替代品，因为它们可以克服 LIB 的缺点，例如爆炸危险和复杂的制造工艺。然而，ZIHCs由于其有限的活性位点而导致比容量低，并且由于其润湿性低和电极上不可逆的锌枝晶形成而导致循环稳定性差，阻碍了其商业应用。在此，首次使用氧化硫酸钒 (IV) (VOSO ₄）作为化学添加剂进行了描述，并证明了添加剂对电化学性能的影响。激活过程后，所得超级电容器在阳极和阴极上均呈现出水合锌钒（ZVO）层。电极上 ZVO 层的电化学作用如下：i）改善阴极上 Zn 离子嵌入的活性位点，ii）增强电解质和电极之间的润湿性，以及 iii）用于抑制不需要的和不可逆的 Zn 的缓冲层阳极处的枝晶。