Small-area photoelectrodes are used to study fundamental science and material development for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells at the laboratory scale. For practical applications, however, one needs to develop scalable geometrical designs and architectures of large photoelectrodes as well as their fabrication using low-cost, solution-processed, scalable methods. In this perspective, we first discuss the device physics concepts for developing large photoelectrodes using dimensional engineering (size, geometry, shape, and structures) and scalable architectures (such as symmetric and asymmetric designs with gridlines as well as monolithically integrated modules with interconnections), similar to the earlier development of large thin-film photovoltaic cells. Finally, we propose a novel and strategic protocol to fabricate these designs for the development of large-photoelectrode modules via commercially deployable, fully inkjet-printing as a solution processed thin-film deposition method.

小面积光电极用于研究实验室规模的光电化学 (PEC) 水分解电池的基础科学和材料开发。然而，对于实际应用，需要开发大型光电极的可扩展几何设计和架构，并使用低成本、溶液处理、可扩展的方法制造它们。从这个角度来看，我们首先讨论了使用尺寸工程（尺寸、几何形状、形状和结构）和可扩展架构（例如带有网格线的对称和不对称设计以及带有互连的单片集成模块）开发大型光电极的器件物理概念，类似于早期开发的大型薄膜光伏电池。最后，