BackgroundThe prevalence of food allergy (FA) is increasing. Decreases in the diversity of gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of FA by regulating IgE production of B cells. Intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular diet with the potential to regulate glucose metabolism, boosting immune memory and optimizing gut microbiota. The potential effect of long-term IF on the prevention and treatment of FA is still unknown.MethodsTwo IF protocols (16 h fasting/8 h feeding and 24 h fasting/24 h feeding) were conducted on mice for 56 days, while the control mice were free to intake food (free diet group, FrD). To construct the FA model, all mice were sensitized and intragastrical challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) during the second half of IF (day 28 to day 56). Rectal temperature reduction and diarrhea were recorded to evaluate the symptoms of FA. Levels of serum IgE, IgG1, Th1/Th2 cytokines, mRNA expression of spleen T cell related transcriptional factors, and cytokines were examined. H&E, immunofluorescence, and toluidine blue staining were used to assess the structural changes of ileum villi. The composition and abundance of gut microbiota were analyzed by 16srRNA sequencing in cecum feces.ResultsThe diarrhea score and rectal temperature reduction were lower in the two fasting groups compared to the FrD groups. Fasting was associated with lower levels of serum OVA-sIgE, OVA-sIgG1, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, and mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 in the spleen. While no significant association was observed in interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-2 levels. Less mast cell infiltration in ileum was observed in the 16h/8h fasting group compared to the FrD group. ZO-1 expression in the ileum of the two fasting groups was higher in IF mice. The 24h/24h fasting reshaped the gut microbiota, with a higher abundance of Alistipes and Rikenellaceae strains compared to the other groups.ConclusionIn an OVA-induced mice FA model, long-term IF may attenuate FA by reducing Th2 inflammation, maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing gut dysbiosis.

中文翻译：

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间歇性禁食通过调节肠道微生物群来防止小鼠模型中的食物过敏

背景食物过敏 (FA) 的患病率正在增加。肠道微生物群多样性的减少可能通过调节 B 细胞 IgE 的产生而促进 FA 的发病机制。间歇性禁食 (IF) 是一种流行的饮食，具有调节葡萄糖代谢、增强免疫记忆和优化肠道微生物群的潜力。长期IF预防和治疗FA的潜在作用尚不清楚。方法对小鼠进行56天的两种IF方案（16小时禁食/8小时喂食和24小时禁食/24小时喂食），而对照小鼠自由进食（自由饮食组，FrD）。为了构建 FA 模型，在 IF 的后半段（第 28 天至第 56 天）期间，所有小鼠都被致敏并用卵清蛋白 (OVA) 进行胃内攻击。记录直肠温度降低和腹泻以评估 FA 的症状。检测血清 IgE、IgG1、Th1/Th2 细胞因子水平、脾脏 T 细胞相关转录因子和细胞因子的 mRNA 表达。H&E、免疫荧光和甲苯胺蓝染色用于评估回肠绒毛的结构变化。通过盲肠粪便中的 16srRNA 测序分析肠道微生物群的组成和丰度。结果与 FrD 组相比，两个禁食组的腹泻评分和直肠温度降低较低。禁食与较低水平的血清 OVA-sIgE、OVA-sIgG1、白细胞介素 (IL)-4 和 IL-5，以及脾脏中 IL-4、IL-5 和 IL-10 的 mRNA 表达相关。虽然在干扰素 (IFN)-γ、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)-α、IL-6、IL-2 水平上未观察到显着关联。与 FrD 组相比，16 小时/8 小时禁食组在回肠中观察到较少的肥大细胞浸润。ZO-1 在两个禁食组的回肠中的表达在 IF 小鼠中更高。24 小时/24 小时禁食重塑了肠道微生物群，具有更高的丰度阿里斯派斯和理科菌株与其他组相比。结论在 OVA 诱导的小鼠 FA 模型中，长期 IF 可通过减少 Th2 炎症、维持肠上皮屏障的完整性和预防肠道菌群失调来减轻 FA。