João Delgado’s poetry first appeared as an anthology of translated poetry in He’arat Shulaym Issue 1, published in November 2001 in Jerusalem by the artist collective Sala-Manca. The entire issue was devoted to João Delgado. Delgado was a Portuguese-Argentinean poet, born in Lisbon circa 1920 (or not), who left Portugal as a political refugee for Buenos Aires. He disappeared in 1976 during the military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983). Since 1976, there has been no trace of his fate, although new fragments of his work are constantly being discovered, translated, and published by the Sala-Manca group. There is no evidence of any originals of his work. Literary critics in Israel praised Delgado’s poetry and art and even identified previously unknown relationships to poets and artists from the European avantgarde. In Sala-Manca’s artistic work, dating back two decades, João Delgado and his heteronyms would have a central role and focus, blurring the boundaries of the group, blurring the fictional with the “real”, and proposing a subjectivity that embraces multiplicity and dispersion. Translating his poetry into Hebrew, a foreign language (to Delgado), and bringing it into print for the first time in neither its original language nor the cultural context in which it was created may be seen as a kind of de-contextualization of the poet’s poetry, since Delgado always kept himself and his oeuvre connected to the immediate surroundings where it was produced. On the other hand, perhaps it is actually this possibility—to “become only in translation”—that is one of the outstanding characteristics of Delgado’s poetry, emblematic of its linguistic and conceptual elasticity. This paper examines João Delgado’s poetic work in relation to Sala-Manca’s artistic work and the way in which both Sala-Manca and Delgado create a “system of life” by being heteronyms of one another, allowing for a multiplicity of identities, and stressing the relation to Others.

中文翻译：

---

生于转译与迭代：论若昂·德尔加多的诗学

若昂·德尔加多 (João Delgado) 的诗歌首次作为翻译诗集出现在 He'arat Shulaym 第 1 期中，该书于 2001 年 11 月由艺术家团体 Sala-Manca 在耶路撒冷出版。整期杂志都献给了 João Delgado。德尔加多是一位葡萄牙裔阿根廷诗人，大约 1920 年（或未出生）出生于里斯本，作为政治难民离开葡萄牙前往布宜诺斯艾利斯。他于 1976 年在阿根廷的军事独裁统治期间（1976-1983）失踪。自 1976 年以来，尽管萨拉曼卡集团不断发现、翻译和出版他作品的新片段，但他的下落已无踪迹。没有证据表明他的作品有任何原件。以色列的文学评论家赞扬了德尔加多的诗歌和艺术，甚至发现了他与欧洲前卫诗人和艺术家之间不为人知的关系。在萨拉-曼卡的艺术作品中，追溯到二十年前，João Delgado 和他的异名将扮演中心角色和焦点，模糊群体的界限，模糊虚构与“真实”，并提出一种包含多样性和分散性的主观性。将他的诗歌翻译成希伯来语，一种外语（对德尔加多而言），并首次以其原始语言或创作它的文化背景将其出版，这可能被视为诗人的一种去语境化诗歌，因为德尔加多总是让自己和他的作品与创作它的直接环境联系在一起。另一方面，也许正是这种可能性——“只在翻译中成为”——才是德尔加多诗歌的突出特征之一，象征着其语言和概念的弹性。