Human appropriation analysis allows interrelating ecological and socioeconomic dimensions to be applied during the development of management strategies for increasing the sustainability of land uses. However, the design of such management strategies requires data reflecting site-specific conditions at sub-national levels. In this study, we assessed the dynamics of human appropriation using an exergy-based net primary production (HANPP_EX) indicator. The results depicted positive (5–10 MJ_ex/m².y) HANPP_EX changes for cropland areas in both regions. The harvested biomass and land-use changes were identified as responsible for high HANPP_EX, which varied significantly between land cover types. In particular, cropland and urban/industrial yielded the highest HANPP_EX compared to other land cover types. Accordingly, the land cover transition toward urban and agriculture land uses increased the HANPP_EX for Ñuble and Biobío. The main HANPP differences found between regions were related to their socioeconomic characteristics as well as to the heterogeneity of land-use types, biomass structure, and regional biomass demand. Our findings provide insights on the magnitude and direction of NPP changes associated with human appropriation at the regional level, allowing a more detailed understanding of the efficiency with which humans utilize terrestrial natural resources.

人类占用分析允许在制定管理战略期间应用相互关联的生态和社会经济维度，以提高土地利用的可持续性。然而，此类管理策略的设计需要反映地方层面特定地点条件的数据。_{在这项研究中，我们使用基于火用的净初级生产 (HANPP EX ) 指标}评估了人类占用的动态。结果显示两个地区农田面积的HANPP _{EX呈正 (5–10 MJ ex} /m ² .y)变化。收获的生物量和土地利用变化被确定为导致高 HANPP _EX的原因，这在土地覆盖类型之间存在显着差异。特别是，与其他土地覆盖类型相比，农田和城市/工业产生的 HANPP _EX最高。因此，向城市和农业用地转变的土地覆盖增加了Ñuble 和 Biobío 的HANPP _{EX 。}区域之间发现的主要 HANPP 差异与其社会经济特征以及土地利用类型、生物量结构和区域生物量需求的异质性有关。我们的研究结果提供了有关区域层面与人类占用相关的 NPP 变化的幅度和方向的见解，从而可以更详细地了解人类利用陆地自然资源的效率。