The effectiveness of commitments to zero-deforestation remains debated. An overlooked aspect is the mixture of private and public policies. We study its potential with the concept of hybrid governance applied to two case studies: mandatory FSC certification for forest concessionaires in Gabon and the National Strategy against Imported Deforestation in France. We find that hybrid governance provides flexibility to adapt to shifting sustainability concerns and can enable public and private features to mutually compensate for their respective weaknesses. Hybrid governance experiments may only be transitory to give way to stronger public policies as illustrated by Gabon. The France case shows that the integration of voluntary private standards in public policies remains sensitive. Overall, we show that hybrid governance should not resort to a mere accumulation of private and public components; a real dialogue between both spheres is required. Such a dialogue can take place before or after hybrid governance materialises as illustrated by the two case studies, which suggests that it should not be taken for granted but can be a positive outcome of the process. The ways through which economic and business aspects, as well as political ones, shape hybrid governance appear to be diverse and not straightforward.

零毁林承诺的有效性仍有争议。一个被忽视的方面是私人和公共政策的混合。我们通过将混合治理的概念应用于两个案例研究来研究其潜力：加蓬森林特许经营商的强制性 FSC 认证和法国的国家打击进口森林砍伐战略。我们发现，混合治理提供了灵活性以适应不断变化的可持续性问题，并且可以使公共和私人功能相互弥补各自的弱点。正如加蓬所展示的那样，混合治理实验可能只是暂时的，以让位于更强大的公共政策。法国的案例表明，将自愿性私营标准纳入公共政策仍然很敏感。全面的，我们表明，混合治理不应诉诸于私人和公共部分的单纯积累；这两个领域之间需要进行真正的对话。如两个案例研究所示，这种对话可以在混合治理实现之前或之后进行，这表明不应将其视为理所当然，而是该过程的积极结果。经济和商业方面以及政治方面塑造混合治理的方式似乎是多种多样的，而不是直截了当的。