Attitude verbs like ‘believe’ and ‘want’ exhibit neg-raising: an ascription of the form a doesn’t believe that p tends to convey that a disbelieves—i.e., believes the negation of—p. In ‘Belief is Weak’, Hawthore et al. observe that neg-raising does not occur with verbs like ‘know’ or ‘need’. According to them, an ascription of the form a believes that p is true just in case a is in a belief state that makes p more likely than not, and so—excepting cases of complete indifference—a will either believe p or disbelieve p. I expand and revise this explanation: so-called ‘weak’ attitude verbs are used in ascriptions of an opinion about some subject matter S—a kind of selection from among the elements of S—and these ascriptions are themselves responsive to conversational topics that presuppose that the subject of the ascription has an opinion about S. ‘Strong’ attitude verbs denote more direct relationships between subject and world.

中文翻译：

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你怎么看？否定和“弱”态度动词

像“相信”和“想要”这样的态度动词表现出否定：形式为 a doesn't believe that p 的归因倾向于传达 a 不相信——即相信 p 的否定。在“信念薄弱”中，Hawthore 等人。观察否定提升不会出现在像“知道”或“需要”这样的动词上。根据他们的说法，a 形式的归因认为 p 是真的，只是在 a 处于使 p 更有可能而不是不存在的信念状态中的情况下，因此——除了完全漠不关心的情况——a 要么相信 p，要么不相信 p。我扩展并修改了这个解释：所谓的“弱”态度动词被用于对某些主题 S 的观点的归属——一种从 S 的元素中进行的选择——这些归属本身是对预设的对话主题的回应归属的主题对 S 有意见。