William’s revenant stories, far from being oddities, fit well within the Historia rerum Anglicarum and can be read as reformist models of masculine behaviour. They present the reader with negative examples, such as clerics who acted in inappropriate ways and got their rightful punishment, as well as positive examples of men who not only stayed faithful to the precepts of the church but bolstered their masculinity by doing so. Reading the revenant stories within this framework allows us to see how religious men adopted and adapted secular masculine ideals, shows us the value of focusing on the intersection of gender and religious status, reveals the different means through which gendered messages spread, and acts as a reminder that although one group may have been the target of regulations, all men were affected by them.

中文翻译：

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纽堡威廉的宗教男性气质 Historia rerum Anglicarum

威廉的亡魂故事绝非古怪，而是非常适合《英国国史》，可以被解读为男性行为的改良主义典范。他们向读者展示了负面的例子，例如行为不当并受到应有惩罚的神职人员，以及男性的正面例子，他们不仅忠于教会的戒律，而且通过这样做来增强他们的男子气概。阅读这个框架内的归来故事，让我们看到宗教人士如何采纳和适应世俗的男性理想，向我们展示关注性别和宗教地位交叉点的价值，揭示性别信息传播的不同方式，并充当提醒一下，虽然一个群体可能是法规的目标，但所有的人都受到了它们的影响。