Scientific awareness of social learning, especially among vertebrates, has expanded rapidly in recent decades. That literature suggests that social learning may be a second adaptive mechanism that interacts with and refines genetic adaptation. For an individual fish, learning from others reduces the costs of acquiring experience-based behaviours and minimizes the hazards that arise from imperfect knowledge of local regularities. For a group of fish, social learning facilitates the evolution of time and place behaviours that work in its locality. It spreads those behaviours within the group and to subsequent generations. Thus, social learning enables persistent adaptation at a finer scale than might be possible through genetic processes alone. Strong evidence of genetic differentiation at less than a panmictic scale and persistent local depletions suggests regular, fine-scale system structure. Social learning may play an important role in creating and maintaining this finer-scale structure. Fishers' learned adaptations to the market and natural system usually lead them to target larger/older fish and fish aggregations at familiar times and places. However, older fish are likely to be the principal repository of the time-and-place experience required for local growth, survival, and reproduction, while social aggregations are important schools in which younger fish acquire the experience of older fish. Consequently, if adaptation through social learning is important among fish, there is reason to be concerned that heavy fishing of social learners reduces their abundance, as usually assumed, and impairs the inheritance of the socially learned experience required for persistent local adaptation.

中文翻译：

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捕鱼会破坏鱼类文化和生态系统结构吗？关于鱼类和渔民社会学习影响的问题

近几十年来，社会学习的科学意识，特别是脊椎动物的科学意识迅速增强。该文献表明，社会学习可能是与遗传适应相互作用并完善遗传适应的第二种适应机制。对于个体鱼来说，向其他鱼学习可以降低获得基于经验的行为的成本，并最大限度地减少因对当地规律的不完善了解而产生的危害。对于一群鱼来说，社会学习促进了在其所在地起作用的时间和地点行为的演变。它将这些行为在群体内传播并传播给后代。因此，与单独通过遗传过程相比，社会学习能够在更精细的范围内实现持续适应。小于恐慌规模的遗传分化和持续的局部消耗的有力证据表明存在规则的、精细规模的系统结构。社会学习可能在创建和维持这种更精细的结构方面发挥重要作用。渔民对市场和自然系统的适应通常导致他们在熟悉的时间和地点瞄准较大/较老的鱼和鱼群。然而，年长的鱼类可能是当地生长、生存和繁殖所需的时间和地点经验的主要储存库，而社会聚集是年轻鱼类获得年长鱼类经验的重要学校。因此，如果通过社会学习进行适应对于鱼类来说很重要，那么就有理由担心社会学习者的大量捕捞会减少它们的丰富度，