Myeloid cells are a significant proportion of leukocytes within tissues, comprising granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. With the identification of various myeloid cells that perform separate but complementary functions during homeostasis and disease, our understanding of tissue myeloid cells has evolved significantly. Exciting findings from transcriptomics profiling and fate-mapping mouse models have facilitated the identification of their developmental origins, maturation, and tissue-specific specializations. This review highlights the current understanding of tissue myeloid cells and the contributing factors of functional heterogeneity to better comprehend the complex and dynamic immune interactions within the healthy or inflamed tissue. Specifically, we discuss the new understanding of the contributions of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor–derived phagocytes to tissue myeloid cell heterogeneity as well as the impact of niche-specific factors on monocyte and neutrophil phenotype and function. Lastly, we explore the developing paradigm of myeloid cell heterogeneity during inflammation and disease.

中文翻译：

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组织骨髓细胞的起源和异质性：聚焦 GMP 衍生的单核细胞和中性粒细胞


骨髓细胞是组织内白细胞的重要组成部分，包括粒细胞、单核细胞、树突细胞和巨噬细胞。随着对在稳态和疾病期间执行独立但互补功能的各种骨髓细胞的识别，我们对组织骨髓细胞的理解已经显着发展。转录组学分析和命运图谱小鼠模型的令人兴奋的发现有助于识别其发育起源、成熟和组织特异性特化。本综述强调了目前对组织骨髓细胞的理解以及功能异质性的影响因素，以更好地理解健康或发炎组织内复杂和动态的免疫相互作用。具体来说，我们讨论了粒细胞-单核细胞祖源吞噬细胞对组织骨髓细胞异质性的贡献的新认识，以及生态位特异性因素对单核细胞和中性粒细胞表型和功能的影响。最后，我们探讨了炎症和疾病期间骨髓细胞异质性的发展模式。