Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) offers children with life-threatening diseases a chance at survival. Complications from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD, Stages 0–4) represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality which has been recently associated with gut dysbiosis the adult HCT population. Here, our objective was to conduct a prospective, longitudinal cohort study in nine pediatric allogeneic HCT participants by collecting longitudinally post-HCT stool specimens up to 1 year. Stool microbiota analyses showed that allogeneic HCT and antibiotic therapy lead to acute shifts in the diversity of the gut microbiota with those experiencing stages 3–4 gut GVHD having significantly greater microbiota variation over time when compared to control participants (p = 0.007). Pre-HCT microbiota diversity trended towards an inverse relationship with gut microbiota stability over time, however, this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.05). Future large prospective studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these dynamic changes in the gut microbiota following pediatric allogeneic HCT.

同种异体造血细胞移植 (HCT) 为患有危及生命的疾病的儿童提供了生存的机会。移植物抗宿主病（GVHD，0-4 期）的并发症是发病率和死亡率的一个重要原因，最近与成人 HCT 人群的肠道菌群失调有关。在这里，我们的目标是通过纵向收集长达 1 年的 HCT 后粪便标本，对 9 名儿童同种异体 HCT 参与者进行前瞻性纵向队列研究。粪便微生物群分析表明，同种异体 HCT 和抗生素治疗导致肠道微生物群多样性发生急剧变化，与对照参与者相比，那些经历 3-4 期肠道 GVHD 的人随着时间的推移微生物群变化显着更大 (p = 0.007)。随着时间的推移，HCT 前微生物群多样性与肠道微生物群稳定性呈负相关，然而，这没有达到统计学意义 (p = 0.05)。未来的大型前瞻性研究有必要阐明儿科异基因 HCT 后肠道微生物群动态变化的潜在机制。