This study investigates whether the perception–production link in phonological acquisition varies with stages of L2 development. It also examines whether the perception–production link for L2 vowels varies according to vowel properties, or whether the L2 vowels match or mismatch with L1 vowels. Korean learners of English in the UK were divided into more experienced and less experienced groups based on age of arrival and length of residence. The learners completed English vowel production, English vowel identification, and English–Korean vowel mapping tasks with English words (e.g., beat, bot). The intelligibility of their production and the accuracy of their vowel identification were assessed. Results show that only the more experienced learners’ perception and production were significantly correlated. Among L2 Standard Southern British English vowels similar to L1 Korean vowels (/i, ʌ, u/) only /i/ showed a significant correlation between perception and production, while among L2 vowels dissimilar to L1 vowels (/eɪ, ɘʊ, ɑ, ɒ/) only /ɑ/ showed a negative correlation, indicating that the correlation varied with vowel properties. The study contributes to the L2 phonological acquisition literature by exploring the perception–production link in terms of different stages of L2 development and L2 vowel properties.

中文翻译：

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感知-产生联系随二语发展阶段和元音特性而变化

本研究调查了语音习得中的感知-产生联系是否随二语发展阶段而变化。它还检查 L2 元音的感知-产生链接是否根据元音属性而变化，或者 L2 元音是否与 L1 元音匹配或不匹配。根据到达年龄和居住时间长短，在英国学习英语的韩国人被分为经验丰富和经验不足的群体。学习者用英语单词（例如，击败，机器人). 评估了他们发音的可懂度和元音识别的准确性。结果表明，只有更有经验的学习者的感知和产出显着相关。在与 L1 韩语元音（/i、ʌ、u/）相似的 L2 标准英国南部英语元音中，只有 /i/ 显示出感知和产生之间的显着相关性，而在与 L1 元音不同的 L2 元音中（/eɪ、ɘʊ、ɑ、 ɒ/) 只有 /ɑ/ 呈负相关，表明相关性随元音属性而变化。该研究通过探索二语发展的不同阶段和二语元音属性方面的感知-产生联系，为二语语音习得文献做出了贡献。