Unlike natural macromolecules (e.g., nucleic acids and proteins) possessing precisely defined molar mass, chain sequence, chirality, and topology, synthetic polymers are typically featured with broad chain length distributions, inhomogeneous compositions, and undefined sequences. To bridge the wide gap between natural and synthetic polymers, sequence-defined polymers (SDPs) have gradually emerged and developed with precise chain length, sequence, tacticity, and topology, holding great promise to reach the same level of precision, complexity, and functionality of biopolymers. The emergence of SDPs confers an unparalleled opportunity to precisely regulate their primary structures, rational intrachain and interchain self-organization, and macroscopic properties, enabling the fundamental elucidation of structure-function relationships. This review aims to summarize recent progresses in the synthesis and advanced applications of emerging and booming SDPs. Some prospects are proposed towards future challenges and versatile promising developments of SDPs.

与具有精确定义的摩尔质量、链序列、手性和拓扑结构的天然大分子（例如，核酸和蛋白质）不同，合成聚合物通常具有宽链长分布、不均匀组成和未定义序列的特征。为了弥合天然聚合物和合成聚合物之间的巨大差距，序列定义聚合物 (SDP) 逐渐出现并发展为具有精确的链长、序列、立构规整度和拓扑结构，有望达到相同水平的精度、复杂性和功能性生物聚合物. SDP 的出现为精确调节其一级结构、合理的链内和链间自组织以及宏观特性提供了无与伦比的机会，从而能够从根本上阐明结构-功能关系。本综述旨在总结新兴和蓬勃发展的 SDP 的合成和高级应用的最新进展。针对 SDP 的未来挑战和多方面有希望的发展提出了一些前景。