As space travel and intentions to colonise other planets are becoming the norm in public debate and scholarship, we must also confront the technical and survival challenges that emerge from these hostile environments. This paper aims to evaluate the various arguments proposed to meet the challenges of human space travel and extraterrestrial planetary colonisation. In particular, two primary solutions have been present in the literature as the most straightforward solutions to the rigours of extraterrestrial survival and flourishing: (1) geoengineering, where the environment is modified to become hospitable to its inhabitants, and (2) human (bio)enhancement where the genetic heritage of humans is modified to make them more resilient to the difficulties they may encounter as well as to permit them to thrive in non-terrestrial environments. Both positions have strong arguments supporting them but also severe philosophical and practical drawbacks when exposed to different circumstances. This paper aims to show that a principled stance where one position is accepted wholesale necessarily comes at the opportunity cost of the other where the other might be better suited, practically and morally. This paper concludes that case-by-case evaluations of the solutions to space travel and extraterrestrial colonisation are necessary to ensure moral congruency and the survival and flourishing of astronauts now and into the future.

随着太空旅行和殖民其他星球的意图正在成为公共辩论和学术研究的常态，我们还必须应对这些恶劣环境中出现的技术和生存挑战。本文旨在评估为应对人类太空旅行和地外行星殖民化挑战而提出的各种论点。特别是，文献中提出了两个主要的解决方案，作为应对外星人生存和繁荣的最直接解决方案：(1) 地球工程，改造环境以使其居民好客，以及 (2) 人类（生物)增强人类的遗传遗产，使他们更能适应他们可能遇到的困难，并允许他们在非陆地环境中茁壮成长。这两种立场都有强有力的论据支持它们，但在不同情况下也存在严重的哲学和实践缺陷。本文旨在表明，如果一个立场被全部接受的原则立场必然会以另一个立场的机会成本为代价，而另一个立场在实践和道德上可能更适合。本文的结论是，对太空旅行和地外殖民的解决方案进行个案评估对于确保道德一致性以及宇航员现在和未来的生存和繁荣是必要的。本文旨在表明，如果一个立场被全部接受的原则立场必然会以另一个立场的机会成本为代价，而另一个立场在实践和道德上可能更适合。本文的结论是，对太空旅行和地外殖民的解决方案进行个案评估对于确保道德一致性以及宇航员现在和未来的生存和繁荣是必要的。本文旨在表明，如果一个立场被全部接受的原则立场必然会以另一个立场的机会成本为代价，而另一个立场在实践和道德上可能更适合。本文的结论是，对太空旅行和地外殖民的解决方案进行个案评估对于确保道德一致性以及宇航员现在和未来的生存和繁荣是必要的。