ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is, on the basis of new evidence, to contribute to the analysis of the performance of the manufacturing industries in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay during the state-led industrialization period and in comparison with a developed country. Specifically, this paper estimates the productivity gap between Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay relative to the United States in order to reveal whether convergence took place at the industry level. The results identify changes within the industrial sector in the three Latin American countries. In short, manufacturing in Brazil achieved substantial changes, which were reflected in favourable structural change and manufacturing convergence. Moreover, manufacturing convergence accelerated in Brazil in the 1960s, when the development model based on industrialization deepened. Structural transformation was weak in Uruguay and mild in Chile, and the ability to reduce technological gaps was limited to industries based on natural resources with medium and high levels of industrial protection. The latter must also be linked to the different pace of industrialization in these two countries, especially in Uruguay, where the industrializing impulse was exhausted very early on.

摘要

本文的目的是基于新的证据，有助于分析巴西、智利和乌拉圭在国家主导的工业化时期的制造业绩效，并与发达国家进行比较。具体来说，本文估计了巴西、智利和乌拉圭相对于美国的生产率差距，以揭示行业层面是否发生了趋同。结果确定了三个拉丁美洲国家工业部门的变化。总之，巴西制造业实现了实质性变化，体现在有利的结构变化和制造业融合上。此外，20世纪60年代巴西制造业融合加速，工业化发展模式不断深化。乌拉圭的结构转型较弱，智利的结构转型较温和，缩小技术差距的能力仅限于以自然资源为基础、工业保护水平为中高水平的产业。后者也必然与两国工业化步伐不同有关，尤其是乌拉圭，那里的工业化动力很早就耗尽了。