Increasing industrial activities trigger the intense use of fossil fuels and increase the number of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Countries with a high share in current carbon emissions need to expand their use of renewable energy sources. Canada is an important energy producer and consumer globally. In this regard, its decisions are important for the future development of global emissions. This study examines the asymmetric effects of economic growth, renewable energy, and non-renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions in Canada from 1965 to 2017. In the first stage of the analysis, unit root testing was performed for the variables. For this, Lee-Strazicich (2003), ADF and PP unit root tests were used. The nonlinear ARDL method was used to analyze the relationship between variables. and Measures: In order to analyze the relationship between the variables in the established model, renewable energy consumption (%), non-renewable energy consumption (%), and carbon emissions (per capita-Mt). In addition, the economic growth (constant price 2010- US$) parameter was added to the model as a control variable. The findings support that energy consumption, economic growth, and renewable energy have an asymmetric effect on carbon emissions in the long run. The positive shock in renewable energy reduces carbon emissions, and a unit increase in renewable energy reduces carbon emissions by 1.29%. Besides, the negative shock in economic growth greatly deteriorates the quality of the environment; that is, a 1% reduction in economic growth causes emissions to increase by 0.74% in the long run. On the other hand, positive shocks in energy consumption have a positive and significant effect on carbon emissions. A 1% increase in energy consumption causes 1.69% carbon emissions. There are important policy implications for Canada to eliminate carbon emissions, increase the share of renewable energy sources and achieve its economic growth targets. In addition, Canada needs to reduce its consumption of non-renewable energy (such as gasoline coal, diesel, and natural gas).

中文翻译：

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检查可再生能源和经济增长对加拿大碳排放的影响：来自非线性 ARDL 方法的证据。

工业活动的增加引发了化石燃料的大量使用，并增加了大气中的碳排放量。当前碳排放量占比较高的国家需要扩大可再生能源的使用。加拿大是全球重要的能源生产国和消费国。在这方面，其决定对于全球排放的未来发展具有重要意义。本研究考察了 1965 年至 2017 年加拿大经济增长、可再生能源和不可再生能源消耗对碳排放的不对称影响。在分析的第一阶段，对变量进行了单位根检验。为此，使用了 Lee-Strazicich (2003)、ADF 和 PP 单位根检验。非线性ARDL方法用于分析变量之间的关系。和措施：为了分析所建立模型中变量之间的关系，可再生能源消耗量（%）、不可再生能源消耗量（%）和碳排放量（人均-Mt）。此外，经济增长（不变价 2010-美元）参数被添加到模型中作为控制变量。研究结果表明，从长远来看，能源消耗、经济增长和可再生能源对碳排放具有不对称影响。可再生能源正向冲击减少碳排放，可再生能源每增加一个单位，碳排放减少1.29%。此外，经济增长的负面冲击极大地恶化了环境质量；也就是说，从长远来看，经济增长下降 1% 会导致排放量增加 0.74%。另一方面，能源消费的积极冲击对碳排放产生积极和显着的影响。能源消耗增加 1% 会导致 1.69% 的碳排放。对加拿大消除碳排放、增加可再生能源比例和实现经济增长目标具有重要的政策意义。此外，加拿大需要减少对不可再生能源（如汽油煤、柴油和天然气）的消耗。