This article aims to illuminate how the management of drinking water and public health in Trondheim, Norway changed from 950 to 1777, from a private to public responsibility. A systematic analysis of five excavations in Trondheim shows that during the Middle Ages, only a few citizens had a well or a cistern on their property. This suggests that fetching water from above-ground sources was a regular practice. In the post-medieval period, this changed as the number of wells increased. However, the well water got polluted, and alternative water sources were too far away for the rising population. 18th-century political ideas emphasised how the citizens were now the state’s greatest resource, which prompted new mentalities on how authorities had to take care of the people. In 1777, the public authorities of Trondheim finally established a public water pipe system, ensuring clean water to its citizens.

中文翻译：

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950 年至 1777 年特隆赫姆的饮用水管理是改变健康态度的源泉

本文旨在阐明挪威特隆赫姆的饮用水和公共卫生管理如何从 950 年到 1777 年从私人责任转变为公共责任。对特隆赫姆五次发掘的系统分析表明，在中世纪，只有少数公民在他们的土地上拥有水井或蓄水池。这表明从地上水源取水是一种常规做法。在后中世纪时期，随着水井数量的增加，这种情况发生了变化。然而，井水受到了污染，替代水源距离不断增长的人口来说太远了。18 世纪的政治思想强调公民现在是国家最大的资源，这促使人们对当局必须如何照顾人民产生新的看法。1777年，