CONTEXT

Agricultural intensification contributes to global food security and well-being by supplying the food demand of a growing human population. However, ongoing land-use change and intensification seriously affect the abundance, diversity and distribution of species, besides many other impacts, thereby threatening the functioning of ecosystems worldwide. Despite the accumulating evidence that the current agricultural model is unsustainable, we are far from understanding the consequences of functional diversity loss for functioning and ecosystem service supply and the potential long-term threats to food security and human well-being.

OBJECTIVE

In this review, we propose a conceptual framework to understand the relationships between functional diversity and human well-being that also considers agroecosystem health. To this end, we identify the most commonly assumed relationships linking functional diversity to regulating and provisioning agroecosystem services and their importance for human well-being, emphasising the most serious knowledge gaps in the individual pathways of the conceptual framework.

METHODS

A consortium formed by an international panel of experts from different disciplines including functional diversity, ecosystem services and human health compiled 275 articles. Members of the consortium proposed literature to exemplify each specific aspect of the conceptual framework in the text, in accordance with his/her field of expertise. The guideline for all experts was to focus mostly in current literature (38% of the references are from the last 5 years and 66% from the last decade), with special interest in reviews and synthesis articles (42% of the references), as well as meta-analyses and global studies (10% of the references).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The factors that influence agroecosystem health are extremely complex, involving both services and disservices related to land-use management and environmental conditions. The global human population needs sustainable and resilient agroecosystems and a concerted effort is needed to fundamentally redesign agricultural practices to feed the growing human population without further jeopardising the quality of life for future generations. We highlight the potential effects of land-use change and ecological intensification on the functional diversity of plant and animal communities, and the resulting consequences for ecosystem services and ultimately human health.

SIGNIFICANCE

The resulting conceptual model is developed for researchers as well as policy makers highlighting the need for a holistic approach to understand diversity impacts on human well-being. Finally, we document a major knowledge gap due to the lack of any studies focusing on the full pathway from diversity to human well-being.

中文翻译：

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从功能多样性到人类福祉：农业生态系统可持续性的概念框架

语境

通过满足不断增长的人口的粮食需求，农业集约化有助于全球粮食安全和福祉。然而，持续的土地利用变化和集约化严重影响物种的丰度、多样性和分布，以及许多其他影响，从而威胁到全球生态系统的功能。尽管越来越多的证据表明当前的农业模式是不可持续的，但我们远未了解功能多样性丧失对功能和生态系统服务供应的影响以及对粮食安全和人类福祉的潜在长期威胁。

客观的

在这篇综述中，我们提出了一个概念框架来理解功能多样性与人类福祉之间的关系，同时考虑农业生态系统健康。为此，我们确定了将功能多样性与调节和提供农业生态系统服务联系起来的最常见假设关系及其对人类福祉的重要性，强调了概念框架的各个路径中最严重的知识差距。

方法

一个由来自不同学科（包括功能多样性、生态系统服务和人类健康）的国际专家小组组成的联盟汇编了 275 篇文章。该联盟的成员根据他/她的专业领域提出了文献来举例说明文本中概念框架的每个具体方面。所有专家的指南主要关注当前文献（38% 的参考文献来自过去 5 年，66% 来自过去十年），特别关注评论和综合文章（42% 的参考文献），因为以及荟萃分析和全球研究（占参考文献的 10%）。

结果和结论

影响农业生态系统健康的因素极其复杂，涉及与土地利用管理和环境条件相关的服务和损害。全球人口需要可持续和有弹性的农业生态系统，需要齐心协力从根本上重新设计农业实践，以养活不断增长的人口，同时又不进一步危及子孙后代的生活质量。我们强调了土地利用变化和生态集约化对植物和动物群落功能多样性的潜在影响，以及由此对生态系统服务和最终人类健康造成的后果。

意义

由此产生的概念模型是为研究人员和政策制定者开发的，强调需要一种整体方法来理解多样性对人类福祉的影响。最后，由于缺乏任何关注从多样性到人类福祉的完整途径的研究，我们记录了一个主要的知识缺口。