Although the concept of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is permeated with individual fears about the lack of social connection, the relationship between FoMO and feelings of loneliness has been the subject of limited research. The aim of this study was to examine bidirectional associations between FoMO and loneliness via a three-wave, random intercept, cross-lagged panel model. Drawing on a survey with 494 adult participants across three waves (45.3 percent participated in Time 2 and 38.7 percent participated at Time 3) during the COVID-19 pandemic, we found that participants with higher FoMO also reported heightened levels of loneliness across the three waves, at a between-person level. Furthermore, loneliness had significant negative cross-lagged associations with subsequent FoMO, at within-person level. The cross-lagged paths between FoMO and subsequent loneliness were not significant. Participants who usually spend more daily time using social media reported higher levels of FoMO. The findings of the study contribute to clarifying the temporal relationship between FoMO and loneliness, by suggesting that FoMO may not represent a risk factor for heightened feelings of loneliness, but it can be triggered by feelings of social isolation and lack of relationships.

中文翻译：

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害怕错过和孤独之间的相互作用：COVID-19 大流行期间的三波小组研究。

尽管害怕错过 (FoMO) 的概念充满了个人对缺乏社会联系的恐惧，但 FoMO 与孤独感之间的关系一直是有限研究的主题。本研究的目的是通过三波、随机截距、交叉滞后面板模型来检验 FoMO 与孤独感之间的双向关联。根据在 COVID-19 大流行期间对三波 494 名成人参与者进行的调查（45.3% 参与时间 2，38.7% 参与时间 3），我们发现具有较高 FoMO 的参与者也报告说在三波中孤独感水平更高，在人与人之间。此外，在个人层面，孤独感与随后的 FoMO 有显着的负交叉滞后关联。FoMO 和随后的孤独感之间的交叉滞后路径并不显着。通常每天花更多时间使用社交媒体的参与者报告了更高水平的错失恐惧症。该研究的结果有助于阐明 FoMO 与孤独感之间的时间关系，表明 FoMO 可能不是导致孤独感加剧的风险因素，但它可能是由社会孤立感和缺乏人际关系引发的。