Additive manufacturing techniques offer significant advantages over conventional manufacturing methods. These include the possibility of realizing highly customized components in which not only can the geometry be defined with a high degree of freedom, but the material composition or geometrical properties can also be manipulated throughout the component by introducing lattice structure zones. Such variations cannot be realized using conventional manufacturing techniques. However, the application of additively manufactured parts at the industrial scale is still limited owing to the high variability in mechanical properties, which also makes it difficult to define feasible tools to assess their structural integrity and determine their expected fatigue life with a sufficient degree of reliability. In addition, real components often experience multiaxial stresses at critical locations owing to their geometry or service-loading conditions. Thus, a proper understanding of the fatigue performance of additively manufactured components with complex geometries cannot neglect the consideration of multiaxial stress states. This review presents an overview of multiaxial fatigue in additively manufactured metallic components, providing insights into crack initiation sites and growth orientations and relating them to the fatigue failure mechanisms in these components. The principal life prediction methodologies applied for the fatigue damage assessment of additively manufactured components under multiaxial fatigue loading are presented, with a particular focus on their accuracy in correlating fatigue data obtained for different loading conditions.

与传统制造方法相比，增材制造技术具有显着优势。其中包括实现高度定制组件的可能性，其中不仅可以高度自由地定义几何形状，而且还可以通过引入晶格结构区域来操纵整个组件的材料成分或几何特性。使用传统制造技术无法实现此类变化。然而，由于机械性能的高度可变性，增材制造零件在工业规模上的应用仍然受到限制，这也使得难以定义可行的工具来评估其结构完整性并以足够的可靠性确定其预期疲劳寿命. 此外，由于其几何形状或服务载荷条件，实际组件通常会在关键位置承受多轴应力。因此，正确理解具有复杂几何形状的增材制造部件的疲劳性能不能忽视对多轴应力状态的考虑。本综述概述了增材制造金属部件中的多轴疲劳，提供了对裂纹萌生部位和生长方向的见解，并将它们与这些部件中的疲劳失效机制相关联。介绍了在多轴疲劳载荷下用于增材制造部件疲劳损伤评估的主要寿命预测方法，特别关注它们在关联不同载荷条件下获得的疲劳数据方面的准确性。