As an essential element of crop growth, phosphorus (P) plays an important role in maintaining agricultural sustainability and ecological balance. A quantitative understanding of agronomic and environmental soil P thresholds at the global scale is required to enhance P-use efficiency and crop productivity while preventing environmental P losses. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis with 584 data observations from 175 studies in 326 locations to assess the critical soil P thresholds as related to crop type and soil properties. The results showed that the average agronomic soil P threshold across all crops was 19.36 mg·kg⁻¹ and the threshold was highest for vegetables (mean = 30.04 mg·kg⁻¹), intermediate for cereals (mean = 17.06 mg·kg⁻¹), and lowest for legumes (mean = 9.30 mg·kg⁻¹). In contrast, the mean environmental soil P threshold across soil textures was 48.56 mg·kg⁻¹. The environmental soil P threshold was significantly affected by soil texture and followed the order of clay > loam > sandy soils. Agronomic soil P thresholds correlated negatively with climate variables including mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, and positively with soil organic matter content. The environmental P thresholds correlated negatively with soil pH. Gradient-boosted regression tree statistical model analysis suggested that crop type and soil texture were the most important determinants of the variation in agronomic and environmental soil P thresholds, respectively. This study provides a first quantitative assessment of agronomic and environmental soil P thresholds for different crops, climates, and soil textures and should help improve the management of cropland P worldwide.

作为作物生长的必需元素，磷 (P) 在维持农业可持续性和生态平衡方面发挥着重要作用。需要在全球范围内定量了解农艺和环境土壤磷阈值，以提高磷利用效率和作物生产力，同时防止环境磷损失。为了解决这个问题，我们对来自 326 个地点的 175 项研究的 584 项数据观察进行了荟萃分析，以评估与作物类型和土壤特性相关的临界土壤磷阈值。结果表明，所有作物的平均农艺土壤磷阈值为 19.36 mg·kg ⁻¹，其中蔬菜的阈值最高（平均值 = 30.04 mg·kg ⁻¹），谷物的阈值居中（平均值 = 17.06 mg·kg ⁻¹)，豆类最低（平均值 = 9.30 mg·kg ⁻¹）。相比之下，土壤质地的平均环境土壤磷阈值为 48.56 mg·kg ⁻¹. 环境土壤磷阈值受土壤质地影响显着，大小顺序为粘土>壤土>沙土。农艺土壤磷阈值与年平均气温和年平均降水量等气候变量呈负相关，与土壤有机质含量呈正相关。环境磷阈值与土壤 pH 值呈负相关。梯度增强回归树统计模型分析表明，作物类型和土壤质地分别是农艺和环境土壤磷阈值变化的最重要决定因素。本研究首次对不同作物、气候和土壤质地的农艺和环境土壤磷阈值进行了定量评估，应有助于改善全球农田磷的管理。