The higher thermodynamic stability of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI₃) in the yellow non-perovskite (δ-phase) than the black perovskite (α-phase) at room temperature causes spontaneous α-phase to δ-phase transition. Stabilization of α-FAPbI₃ by alloying the perovskite composition is limited by band gap broadening and halide segregation. Furthermore, commercial PSCs require coating methods suitable for large-area modules. Herein, we report α-phase stabilization of FAPbI₃ without band gap broadening using R₄N⁺ cations and Cl⁻ anions. Subsequently, high-efficiency perovskite solar mini-modules (PSMs) were fabricated using a bar-coating process with simultaneous defect passivation and hole-transport promotion which exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.23% (certified 20.33%, 36.4-cm² area). The PCE in the 1-cm² area fabricated by bar-coating was 23.24% (certified 22.79%, the highest in those fabricated by scalable bar-coating method). Furthermore, the encapsulated PSM retained 93% of its initial PCE, even after 870 h under continuous one-sun illumination.

在室温下，黄色非钙钛矿（δ 相）中的甲脒三碘化铅 ( FAPbI _{3 ) 比黑色钙钛矿（α 相）}具有更高的热力学稳定性，导致自发的 α 相向 δ 相转变。通过将钙钛矿组合物合金化来稳定 α-FAPbI ₃受到带隙加宽和卤化物偏析的限制。此外，商用 PSC 需要适用于大面积模块的涂层方法。_{在此，我们使用 R 4} N ⁺阳离子和 Cl ^{-报告了 FAPbI} ₃的 α 相稳定化而没有带隙增宽。阴离子。随后，使用棒涂工艺制造了高效钙钛矿太阳能微型模块（PSM），同时进行了缺陷钝化和空穴传输促进，其最大功率转换效率（PCE）为 21.23%（认证为 20.33%， 36.4-^平方厘米面积）。棒涂法制备的1cm ^{2区域的PCE为23.24%（认证为22.79%，在可扩展棒涂法中最高）。}此外，封装的 PSM 保留了其初始 PCE 的 93%，即使在连续一个太阳光照下 870 小时后也是如此。