Vaping has dramatically increased in recent years among young adults. To increase risk perceptions and promote preventive behaviors against vaping and secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA), this study designed and tested virtual reality (VR) messages based on the theory of psychological distance. We randomly assigned 137 participants to see one of three messages: a VR message presenting SHAs impact on the self (VR-Self), a VR message showing SHAs impact on others (VR-Other), and a print advertisement. Risk perceptions and preventive intentions/behaviors were assessed at three different times: before, immediately after, and 1 week after the experimental treatment. All three messages increased desired intentions and risk perceptions immediately, reduced vaping interest both immediately and 1 week after message exposure, and increased behavior to persuade others to quit vaping after a week. Compared with the print advertisement, VR-Other generated less vaping interest immediately following message exposure (β = 1.40, p = 0.05). After 1 week, VR-Self (β = 1.62, p = 0.05) and VR-Other (β = 2.37, p = 0.01) generated less vaping interest than the print advertisement. VR-Other also generated a higher level of perceived harm of SHA (β = 1.27, p = 0.01) than the print advertisement. VRs advantage over print in reducing vaping interest was increased after 1 week. Although VR-Other generated less emotions, such as fear, than VR-Self (z = 2.48, p = 0.02) and print (z = -2.82, p = 0.02), its persuasiveness was not hindered. Disgust increased the intentions to persuade others to quit vaping immediately after the experimental treatment (β = 0.85, p = 0.02), and anger aroused by recalling the messages decreased vaping interest 1 week later (β = -2.07, p = 0.02).

中文翻译：

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在电子烟和二手气溶胶预防信息中使用虚拟现实：对情感运动设计的影响。

近年来，吸电子烟在年轻人中急剧增加。为了提高风险认知并促进针对电子烟和二手电子烟气雾剂 (SHA) 的预防行为，本研究基于心理距离理论设计并测试了虚拟现实 (VR) 消息。我们随机分配 137 名参与者查看以下三种信息中的一种：呈现 SHAs 对自我影响的 VR 信息 (VR-Self)、显示 SHAs 对他人影响的 VR 信息 (VR-Other) 和印刷广告。在三个不同的时间评估了风险认知和预防意图/行为：实验性治疗之前、之后和之后 1 周。所有这三条消息都立即增加了期望的意图和风险认知，在消息曝光后立即和 1 周后降低了对电子烟的兴趣，并在一周后增加说服他人戒烟的行为。与平面广告相比，VR-Other 在消息曝光后立即产生较少的电子烟兴趣 (β = 1.40, p = 0.05)。1 周后，VR-Self (β = 1.62, p = 0.05) 和 VR-Other (β = 2.37, p = 0.01) 产生的电子烟兴趣低于印刷广告。VR-Other 还产生了比印刷广告更高水平的 SHA 感知伤害（β = 1.27，p = 0.01）。1 周后，VR 在减少电子烟兴趣方面优于印刷品。尽管 VR-Other 比 VR-Self (z = 2.48, p = 0.02) 和 print (z = -2.82, p = 0.02) 产生更少的情绪，例如恐惧，但它的说服力并未受到阻碍。厌恶增加了说服他人在实验性治疗后立即戒烟的意愿 (β = 0.85, p = 0.02)，