Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infection by pathogens. Live vaccines have higher protective efficacy than inactivated vaccines. However, how live vaccines interact with the host from a metabolic perspective is unknown. The present study aimed to explore whether a live Edwardsiella tarda vaccine regulates host metabolism and whether this regulation is related to the protective efficacy of the vaccine. Therefore, a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate the metabolomic profile of mice serum after vaccination with live E. tarda vaccine. Fructose was identified as a key biomarker that contributes to the immune protection induced by the live vaccine. Moreover, co-administration of exogenous fructose and the live vaccine synergistically promoted survival of mice and fish after bacterial challenge. These results indicate that metabolites, especially fructose, can potentiate the live E. tarda vaccine to increase its protective efficiency.

中文翻译：

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果糖增强了迟缓爱德华氏菌活细胞疫苗的保护效率

接种疫苗是预防病原体感染的有效措施。活疫苗比灭活疫苗具有更高的保护效果。然而，活疫苗如何从代谢角度与宿主相互作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨活迟缓爱德华氏菌疫苗对宿主代谢的调控以及这种调控是否与疫苗的保护功效有关。因此，使用基于气相色谱质谱法 (GC-MS) 的代谢组学方法来研究接种活疫苗后小鼠血清的代谢组学特征迟缓大肠杆菌疫苗。果糖被确定为有助于活疫苗诱导的免疫保护的关键生物标志物。此外，外源果糖和活疫苗的共同给药协同促进细菌攻击后小鼠和鱼的存活。这些结果表明代谢物，尤其是果糖，可以增强活性迟缓大肠杆菌疫苗以提高其保护效率。