The deployment of onshore wind power is an important means to mitigate climate change. However, wind turbines also have negative impacts at the local scale, like disamenities to residents living nearby, changes in landscape quality, or conflicts with nature conservation. Our paper quantifies spatial trade-offs arising between these criteria. For this purpose, we propose a novel approach using Pareto frontiers and a Gini-like potential trade-off indicator. Our analysis builds on a spatial optimization model using geographical information system data for Germany. We show that spatial trade-offs between the criteria under consideration are substantial. The size of the trade-off varies substantially with the criteria under consideration, depending on the spatial heterogeneity of each criterion as well as on the spatial correlation between the criteria. Spatial trade-offs are particularly pronounced between nature conservation (measured by impacts on wind power-sensitive birds) and other criteria.

陆上风电的部署是减缓气候变化的重要手段。然而，风力涡轮机也会在局部范围内产生负面影响，例如对附近居民的不满、景观质量的变化或与自然保护的冲突。我们的论文量化了这些标准之间产生的空间权衡。为此，我们提出了一种使用帕累托边界和类似基尼的潜在权衡指标的新方法。我们的分析基于使用德国地理信息系统数据的空间优化模型。我们表明，所考虑的标准之间的空间权衡是实质性的。权衡的大小随所考虑的标准而有很大差异，这取决于每个标准的空间异质性以及标准之间的空间相关性。