Ecological protection approaches are important in achieving sustainable productivity growth in agriculture. Based on an unbalanced panel dataset for 2010–2016, we used stochastic frontier analysis-based Malmquist total factor productivity index to estimate total factor productivity change of Swedish crop production and its components (efficiency change, technical change, scale change). We then examined the effect of ecological protection approaches on total factor productivity change. The empirical results demonstrated that ecological protection approaches such as organic farming, mixed cropping or integrated farming could hamper total factor productivity growth. The results also indicated that average total factor productivity change in the study period was positive and average technical efficiency of the Swedish crop production was 71%. Among the components of total factor productivity change, average scale change was positive. Average technical efficiency change and average technical change were both negative. If technical efficiency and technological progress can be improved, that would increase the positive change in total factor productivity. This suggests that policies on compensation or insurance against productivity loss are required to encourage mainstreaming of ecological protection approaches among farmers.

生态保护方法对于实现农业生产力的可持续增长很重要。基于 2010-2016 年的不平衡面板数据集，我们使用基于随机前沿分析的 Malmquist 全要素生产率指数来估计瑞典作物生产及其组成部分（效率变化、技术变化、规模变化）的全要素生产率变化。然后，我们检验了生态保护方法对全要素生产率变化的影响。实证结果表明，有机农业、混合种植或综合农业等生态保护方法可能会阻碍全要素生产率的增长。结果还表明，研究期间平均全要素生产率变化为正，瑞典作物生产的平均技术效率为 71%。在全要素生产率变化的构成要素中，平均规模变化为正。平均技术效率变化和平均技术变化均为负值。如果能够提高技术效率和技术进步，就会增加全要素生产率的正向变化。这表明需要制定针对生产力损失的补偿或保险政策，以鼓励农民将生态保护方法纳入主流。