Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques can disclose the local electrochemical reactivity of interfaces in single-entity and sub-entity studies. Operando SEPM measurements consist of using a SEPM tip to investigate the performance of electrocatalysts, while the reactivity of the interface is simultaneously modulated. This powerful combination can correlate electrochemical activity with changes in surface properties, e.g., topography and structure, as well as provide insight into reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review is to reveal the recent progress in local SEPM measurements of the catalytic activity of a surface toward the reduction and evolution of O₂ and H₂ and electrochemical conversion of CO₂. The capabilities of SEPMs are showcased, and the possibility of coupling other techniques to SEPMs is presented. Emphasis is given to scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM).

中文翻译：

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电催化过程中的 Operando 扫描电化学探针显微镜

扫描电化学探针显微镜 (SEPM) 技术可以揭示单个实体和子实体研究中界面的局部电化学反应性。Operando SEPM 测量包括使用 SEPM 尖端来研究电催化剂的性能，同时调节界面的反应性。这种强大的组合可以将电化学活性与表面特性（例如形貌和结构）的变化联系起来，并提供对反应机制的深入了解。_{本综述的重点是揭示局部 SEPM 测量表面催化活性对 O 2}和 H ₂的还原和演化以及 CO _{2的电化学转化的最新进展}. 展示了 SEPM 的功能，并介绍了将其他技术耦合到 SEPM 的可能性。重点是扫描电化学显微镜 (SECM)、扫描离子电导显微镜 (SICM)、电化学扫描隧道显微镜 (EC-STM) 和扫描电化学电池显微镜 (SECCM)。