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A delay-differential model for representing small pelagic fish stock dynamics and its application for assessing alternative management strategies under environmental uncertainty
Fish and Fisheries ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 , DOI: 10.1111/faf.12743
Roberto Licandeo 1 , Santiago de la Puente 1 , Villy Christensen 1 , Ray Hilborn 2 , Carl Walters 1
Affiliation  

We present a novel adaptation of the classic discrete delay-difference model, a continuous delay-differential model (cDDM), which can adequately represent population dynamics of stocks that turn over rapidly and continuously over time (e.g., small pelagic fish, small tunas, and shrimps). We used the Northern-Central Peruvian anchoveta stock (Engraulis ringens, Engraulidae) as a case study for implementing the cDDM and conducted a management strategy evaluation (MSE) through stochastic optimization in policy space (SOPS). Our results showed that cDDM integrated with SOPS efficiently searches optimum and near-optimum harvest control rules (HCR) and is an alternative to pre-setting arbitrary HCRs as in traditional MSE. The cDDM showed comparable stock biomass and recruitment estimate reconstructions to more complex stock assessment models described for anchoveta. We concluded that the anchoveta stock is sustainably managed and is an example of adaptive fisheries management under high ocean-climate variability and uncertainty. Contrary to fishery textbooks, the anchoveta's collapse was not entirely due to the 1972 El Niño (EN) but a recruitment failure preceding EN. Our reconstructions revealed that low recruitment (or recruitment failure) could still occur at high stock biomass. Anchoveta's stock biomass is larger than pre-collapse, likely due to favourable environmental conditions (a cooling trend) and management, despite more frequent and stronger EN events. SOPS quickly revealed that harvest strategies with large base biomass (>5 mmt) lead to higher interannual stock variability and would not produce substantial increases in long-term yield. Alternative HCRs with lower base biomass, while adjusting for productivity regimes, have similar long-term yields without affecting the long-term average stock.

中文翻译:

代表小型远洋鱼类种群动态的延迟微分模型及其在环境不确定性下评估替代管理策略的应用

我们提出了经典离散延迟差分模型的新改编,即连续延迟差分模型 (cDDM),它可以充分代表随着时间的推移快速和连续周转的种群的种群动态(例如,小型中上层鱼类、小型金枪鱼、和虾)。我们使用了秘鲁中北部的凤尾鱼原种(Engraulis ringens, Engraulidae) 作为实施 cDDM 的案例研究,并通过政策空间随机优化 (SOPS) 进行了管理策略评估 (MSE)。我们的结果表明,与 SOPS 集成的 cDDM 可以有效地搜索最佳和接近最佳的收获控制规则 (HCR),并且可以替代传统 MSE 中预先设置任意 HCR 的方法。cDDM 显示了可比较的种群生物量和补充估计重建,以描述针对凤尾鱼的更复杂的种群评估模型。我们得出的结论是,鳀鱼种群得到可持续管理,是在海洋气候多变性和不确定性高的情况下进行适应性渔业管理的一个例子。与渔业教科书相反,鳀鱼的崩溃并不完全是由于 1972 年的厄尔尼诺 (EN),而是 EN 之前的补充失败。我们的重建显示低补充(或补充失败)仍然可能发生在高库存生物量。尽管 EN 事件更加频繁和强烈,但 Anchoveta 的存量生物量大于坍塌前的生物量,这可能是由于有利的环境条件(冷却趋势)和管理。SOPS 很快表明,具有大基础生物量(>5 毫米公吨)的收获策略会导致更高的年际库存变化,并且不会产生长期产量的大幅增加。具有较低基础生物量的替代 HCR,在根据生产力制度进行调整的同时,具有相似的长期产量,而不影响长期平均库存。可能是由于有利的环境条件(冷却趋势)和管理,尽管更频繁和更强烈的 EN 事件。SOPS 很快表明,具有大基础生物量(>5 毫米公吨)的收获策略会导致更高的年际库存变化,并且不会产生长期产量的大幅增加。具有较低基础生物量的替代 HCR,在根据生产力制度进行调整的同时,具有相似的长期产量,而不影响长期平均库存。可能是由于有利的环境条件(冷却趋势)和管理,尽管更频繁和更强烈的 EN 事件。SOPS 很快表明,具有大基础生物量(>5 毫米公吨)的收获策略会导致更高的年际库存变化,并且不会产生长期产量的大幅增加。具有较低基础生物量的替代 HCR,在根据生产力制度进行调整的同时,具有相似的长期产量,而不影响长期平均库存。
更新日期:2023-03-23
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