Flushing Temporarily Improves Microbiological Water Quality for Buildings Supplied with Chloraminated Surface Water but Has Little Effect for Groundwater Supplies,Environmental Science & Technology

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Flushing Temporarily Improves Microbiological Water Quality for Buildings Supplied with Chloraminated Surface Water but Has Little Effect for Groundwater Supplies
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08123
Taegyu Kim ₁ , Xiaotian Zhao ₁ , Timothy M LaPara _{1,

2} , Raymond M Hozalski _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Microbial communities in premise plumbing systems were investigated after more than 2 months of long-term stagnation, during a subsequent flushing event, and during post-flush stagnation. Water samples were collected from showers in buildings supplied with chlorinated groundwater, untreated groundwater, and chloraminated surface water. The building supplied with chlorinated groundwater generally had the lowest bacterial concentrations across all sites (ranging from below quantification limit to 5.2 log copies/L). For buildings supplied with untreated groundwater, bacterial concentrations (5.0 to 7.6 log copies/L) and microbial community diversity index (ACE) values were consistent throughout sampling. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Legionella pneumophila were not detected in any groundwater-supplied buildings. Total bacteria, Legionella spp., and NTM were abundant in the surface water-supplied buildings following long-term stagnation (up to 7.6, 6.2, and 7.6 log copies/L, respectively). Flushing decreased these concentrations by ∼1 to >4 log units and reduced microbial community diversity, but the communities largely recovered within a week of post-flush stagnation. The results suggest that buildings supplied with disinfected surface water are more likely than buildings supplied with treated or untreated groundwater to experience deleterious changes in microbiological water quality during stagnation and that the water quality improvements from flushing with chloraminated water, while substantial, are short-lived.

中文翻译：

冲洗可暂时改善供应氯胺化地表水的建筑物的微生物水质，但对地下水供应几乎没有影响

在 2 个多月的长期停滞后、随后的冲洗事件期间和冲洗后停滞期间，对前提管道系统中的微生物群落进行了调查。从供应氯化地下水、未处理地下水和氯胺化地表水的建筑物的淋浴间收集水样。供应氯化地下水的建筑物在所有地点的细菌浓度通常最低（范围从低于量化限度到 5.2 log copies/L）。对于提供未经处理的地下水的建筑物，细菌浓度（5.0 至 7.6 log copies/L）和微生物群落多样性指数 (ACE) 值在整个采样过程中保持一致。非结核分枝杆菌 (NTM) 和嗜肺军团菌在任何地下水供应的建筑物中均未检测到。长期停滞后，地表供水建筑物中的总细菌、军团菌属和 NTM 含量丰富（分别高达 7.6、6.2 和 7.6 log copies/L）。冲洗使这些浓度降低了约 1 至 >4 个对数单位，并降低了微生物群落的多样性，但这些群落在冲洗后停滞后的一周内基本恢复。结果表明，与供应经过处理或未经处理的地下水的建筑物相比，供应经过消毒的地表水的建筑物更有可能在停滞期间经历微生物水质的有害变化，并且使用氯胺化水冲洗后的水质改善虽然显着，但却是短暂的.

更新日期：2023-03-23

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