Resistance training is employed for pursuing muscle strength characterized by activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated hypertrophic signaling for protein production. Endurance training elevates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling of mitochondrial adaptations for oxidative phosphorylation. Now, emerging evidence suggests that, like endurance training, resistance training also elicits profound effects on mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle, which means that resistance training yields both strength and endurance phenotypes in myofibers, which has treatment value for the muscle loss and poor aerobic capacity in humans. Our review outlines a brief overview of muscle hypertrophic signals with resistance training, and focuses on the effects of resistance training on mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in skeletal muscle. This study provides novel insights into the therapeutic strategy of resistance training for the metabolically dysfunctional individuals with declined mitochondrial function.

阻力训练用于追求肌肉力量，其特征是激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点（mTOR）介导的蛋白质产生肥大信号。耐力训练可增强线粒体氧化磷酸化适应的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 共激活剂 1α (PGC-1α) 信号。现在，新出现的证据表明，与耐力训练一样，阻力训练也会对骨骼肌的线粒体适应产生深远的影响，这意味着阻力训练会产生肌纤维的力量和耐力表型，这对于肌肉损失和有氧能力差具有治疗价值在人类中。我们的综述概述了阻力训练引起的肌肉肥大信号，并重点关注阻力训练对骨骼肌线粒体生物发生和呼吸的影响。这项研究为线粒体功能下降的代谢功能障碍个体的抗阻训练治疗策略提供了新的见解。