Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks with excellent flexibility. In recent years, ionic hydrogels have attracted extensive attention in the development of tactile sensors owing to their unique properties, such as ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. These features enable ionic hydrogel-based tactile sensors with exceptional performance in detecting human body movement and identifying external stimuli. Currently, there is a pressing demand for the development of self-powered tactile sensors that integrate ionic conductors and portable power sources into a single device for practical applications. In this paper, we introduce the basic properties of ionic hydrogels and highlight their application in self-powered sensors working in triboelectric, piezoionic, ionic diode, battery, and thermoelectric modes. We also summarize the current difficulty and prospect the future development of ionic hydrogel self-powered sensors.

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基于离子水凝胶的自供电触觉传感器的最新发展

水凝胶是具有优异柔韧性的三维聚合物网络。近年来，离子水凝胶由于其独特的性能，如离子电导率和机械性能，在触觉传感器的开发中引起了广泛的关注。这些特性使基于离子水凝胶的触觉传感器在检测人体运动和识别外部刺激方面具有卓越的性能。目前，迫切需要开发将离子导体和便携式电源集成到单个设备中的自供电触觉传感器，以供实际应用。在本文中，我们介绍了离子水凝胶的基本特性，并重点介绍了它们在以摩擦电、压电、离子二极管、电池和热电模式工作的自供电传感器中的应用。