Livestock production is confronted with significant challenges across all dimensions of sustainability. There is an urgent need to identify sustainable livestock systems that are environmentally friendly, economically viable for farmers, and socially acceptable. To this end, diversity assessments and data-driven indicator-based sustainability assessments can be helpful tools. These two mutually reinforcing approaches each have their own dilemmas and strengths; however, their combination is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose a method that simultaneously assesses the diversity and sustainability of production systems within one agricultural sector, without compromising either aspect, while overcoming the dilemmas of diversity and sustainability assessments. We test our method on the Walloon dairy and beef sectors (Belgium) and base our assessment on data from the European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). We apply relevant classification criteria to the sample farms to group them into production systems. The core data was complemented with calculated environmental indicators to perform a comprehensive sustainability assessment, including structural, socio-economic, and environmental indicators. Our results confirm the importance of complementing sustainability assessments with diversity assessments. Our case study results show that a diversity of livestock systems coexist and that it is possible to overcome trade-offs between economic and environmental performances. Extensive grass-based systems present the best combination of economic and environmental results, which highlights the importance of preserving grassland resources at the regional level. The proposed method proves effective to improve the relevance of FADN data and supports the ongoing call to transform the FADN into a more comprehensive database that satisfactorily covers all dimensions of sustainability.

畜牧业生产在可持续性的各个方面都面临着重大挑战。迫切需要确定对环境友好、对农民经济可行且社会可接受的可持续畜牧系统。为此，多样性评估和数据驱动的基于指标的可持续性评估可能是有用的工具。这两种相辅相成的方法各有优缺点。然而，它们的组合并不简单。在本文中，我们提出了一种方法，可以同时评估一个农业部门内生产系统的多样性和可持续性，而不损害任何一个方面，同时克服多样性和可持续性评估的困境。我们在瓦隆乳制品和牛肉行业（比利时）测试我们的方法，并根据欧洲农场会计数据网络 (FADN) 的数据进行评估。我们将相关的分类标准应用于样本农场，将它们分组到生产系统中。核心数据与计算的环境指标相辅相成，以执行全面的可持续性评估，包括结构、社会经济和环境指标。我们的结果证实了用多样性评估补充可持续性评估的重要性。我们的案例研究结果表明，多种畜牧系统共存，并且有可能克服经济和环境绩效之间的权衡。广泛的基于草的系统呈现了经济和环境结果的最佳组合，这突出了在区域层面保护草地资源的重要性。所提出的方法被证明可有效提高 FADN 数据的相关性，并支持正在进行的将 FADN 转变为更全面的数据库的呼吁，该数据库令人满意地涵盖了可持续性的所有方面。