The carry-over effect of cover crops on weeds and crop productivity in the subsequent crops has been related to cover crop composition and cover crop termination methods but their interaction with soil resource availability remains poorly documented, as well as the relative importance of each of these factors. This study investigated the effect of cover crop management (i.e. cover crop mixture, fertilisation, irrigation, termination method and their combinations) on weed biomass and crop productivity in two subsequent crops (spring barley followed by winter linseed). We hypothesised that cover crop management could affect productivity of the subsequent crops through both weed suppression and nitrogen supply. Two experiments spanning a duration of two years were set-up, on two different fields in two different years, to investigate the effect of cover crop mixture (2 or 8 species including or not legume species, plus a bare soil control), water and nitrogen availability at cover crop sowing and cover crop termination methods (rolling, herbicide-use and winter-kill control) on weed biomass and crop productivity of the two subsequent unweeded, unfertilised and directly seeded crops. Weed biomass and crop productivity in both subsequent crops were affected by multiple interactions between cover crop mixture, soil resource availability, cover crop termination method and experiment. In experiment 1, combinations of cover crop management alternative to the reference (i.e. bare soil, without fertilisation and irrigation, winter-killed) mainly showed beneficial carry-over effects (i.e. lower weed biomass and higher crop productivity) in the subsequent spring barley while having no effect in winter linseed. In experiment 2, alternative combinations of cover crop management mainly showed no effects or detrimental carry-over effects (i.e. higher weed biomass and lower crop productivity) in spring barley while having some positive effects in winter linseed (i.e. only when cover crops were terminated with herbicide-use). Crop productivity was mainly affected by weed biomass which was significantly reduced almost only when cover crops were terminated with herbicide-use. Crop productivity was also affected but to a lesser extent by cover crop soil-mediated effects (e.g. nitrogen supply). These results highlight complex interactions between cover crop management and environmental conditions on the carry-over effects of cover crops in the subsequent crops. Cover crops may not play an essential role for weed management in no-till and herbicide-free systems, particularly at low levels of cover crop biomass production.

覆盖作物对杂草和后续作物的作物生产力的遗留效应与覆盖作物的组成和覆盖作物的终止方法有关，但它们与土壤资源可用性的相互作用以及它们中每一种的相对重要性的相关性仍然鲜有记载因素。本研究调查了覆盖作物管理（即覆盖作物混合物、施肥、灌溉、终止方法及其组合）对两种后续作物（春季大麦和冬季亚麻籽）的杂草生物量和作物生产力的影响。我们假设覆盖作物管理可以通过杂草抑制和氮供应影响后续作物的生产力。在两个不同年份的两个不同田地上进行了两个为期两年的实验，以研究覆盖作物混合物（2 或 8 个物种，包括或不包括豆科植物，加上裸土控制）、水和覆盖作物播种和覆盖作物终止方法（滚动、除草剂使用和冬季杀灭控制）对杂草生物量和随后两种未除草、未施肥和直接播种作物的作物生产力的氮可用性。两种后续作物的杂草生物量和作物生产力受到覆盖作物混合物、土壤资源可用性、覆盖作物终止方法和实验之间的多重相互作用的影响。在实验 1 中，覆盖作物管理替代参考的组合（即裸土，没有施肥和灌溉，冬季被杀死）主要在随后的春季大麦中表现出有益的结转效应（即较低的杂草生物量和较高的作物生产力），而对冬季亚麻籽没有影响。在实验 2 中，覆盖作物管理的替代组合主要对春季大麦没有影响或有害的结转效应（即更高的杂草生物量和更低的作物生产力），而对冬季亚麻籽有一些积极影响（即仅当覆盖作物因使用除草剂而终止时）。作物生产力主要受杂草生物量的影响，杂草生物量几乎只有在覆盖作物因使用除草剂而终止时才会显着降低。作物生产力也受到覆盖作物土壤介导效应（例如氮供应）的影响，但影响较小。这些结果突出了覆盖作物管理和环境条件之间复杂的相互作用，以及覆盖作物对后续作物的遗留影响。在免耕和无除草剂系统中，覆盖作物可能无法在杂草管理中发挥重要作用，尤其是在覆盖作物生物量生产水平较低的情况下。