Research on the health benefits of people’s long-term exposure to green space is lacking. Addressing this emerging topic, this study uncovers the association of green space types with a person’s healthy ageing score (HAS). We investigated the association with HAS by continuous exposure to various green space types for two years. Green space types include tree canopy, low-lying vegetation and open grass percentage within 1.6-km road network distance buffers at baseline and second follow-up. Healthy ageing outcomes included functional capacity, resilience and HAS while accounting for relocation. This is a longitudinal study of a cohort of 22,715 New South Wales residents aged over 45 who participated in the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study living in Sydney, Wollongong and Newcastle. Longitudinal models of healthy ageing on green space types were fit with controls for socioeconomic confounders. Women who did not relocate were associated with a lower functional capacity (β; 95%CI: −0.10; −0.15,−0.05) and higher resilience (0.11; 0.08, 0.14) compared to those who relocated. Apart from age, personal characteristics did not explain the variation in healthy ageing outcomes for participants who moved. For participants who did not relocate, 30% grass cover was associated with decreased functional capacity (−0.22; −0.41,−0.04) and HAS (−0.31; −0.56,−0.05). Also, 5–9% low-lying vegetation was associated with a decline in functional capacity (−0.09; −0.15, −0.03) and HAS (−0.09; −0.17, −0.01) of participants who stayed but improved resilience (0.28; 0.01, 0.55) of participants who relocated. Green space comprising over 30% tree cover appeared most beneficial for functional capacity (0.42; 0.31, 0.53), resilience (0.19; 0.13, 0.25) and HAS (0.60; 0.45, 0.75). For participants who relocated, over 30% tree canopy was associated with improved functional capacity (0.33; 0.54, 0.62) but not resilience or their HAS. Increased neighbourhood tree canopy supports healthy ageing. Older people should be supported to live in-home or move into nearby residential care and maintain regular contact with green spaces and trees, to maximise potential benefits for health and wellbeing.

缺乏关于人们长期接触绿色空间对健康有益的研究。针对这一新兴话题，本研究揭示了绿地类型与个人健康老龄化评分 (HAS) 之间的关联。我们通过连续两年接触各种绿色空间类型来调查与 HAS 的关联。绿地类型包括基线和第二次跟进时 1.6 公里路网距离缓冲区内的树冠、低洼植被和开阔草地百分比。健康的老龄化结果包括功能能力、弹性和 HAS，同时考虑到搬迁。这是一个对居住在悉尼、卧龙岗和纽卡斯尔的 22,715 名年龄超过 45 岁的新南威尔士州居民进行的纵向研究，他们参加了 Sax Institute 的 45 岁及以上研究。绿色空间类型的健康老龄化纵向模型符合社会经济混杂因素的控制。与搬迁的女性相比，未搬迁的女性与较低的功能能力（β；95%CI：-0.10；-0.15，-0.05）和更高的复原力（0.11；0.08，0.14）相关。除年龄外，个人特征并不能解释搬家参与者健康老龄化结果的差异。对于没有搬迁的参与者，30% 的草覆盖率与功能能力下降（-0.22；-0.41，-0.04）和 HAS（-0.31；-0.56，-0.05）有关。此外，5-9% 的低洼植被与功能能力下降有关 (-0.09; -0.15, -0. 03) 和 HAS (−0.09; −0.17, −0.01) 的参与者留下但提高了搬迁的参与者的弹性 (0.28; 0.01, 0.55)。树木覆盖率超过 30% 的绿地似乎对功能容量（0.42；0.31、0.53）、恢复力（0.19；0.13、0.25）和 HAS（0.60；0.45、0.75）最有利。对于搬迁的参与者，超过 30% 的树冠与提高的功能能力（0.33；0.54、0.62）相关，但与恢复力或他们的 HAS 无关。增加的邻里树冠支持健康老龄化。应支持老年人住在家里或搬到附近的养老院，并与绿地和树木保持经常接触，以最大限度地提高健康和福祉的潜在效益。树木覆盖率超过 30% 的绿地似乎对功能容量（0.42；0.31、0.53）、恢复力（0.19；0.13、0.25）和 HAS（0.60；0.45、0.75）最有利。对于搬迁的参与者，超过 30% 的树冠与提高的功能能力（0.33；0.54、0.62）相关，但与恢复力或他们的 HAS 无关。增加的邻里树冠支持健康老龄化。应支持老年人住在家里或搬到附近的养老院，并与绿地和树木保持经常接触，以最大限度地提高健康和福祉的潜在效益。树木覆盖率超过 30% 的绿地似乎对功能容量（0.42；0.31、0.53）、恢复力（0.19；0.13、0.25）和 HAS（0.60；0.45、0.75）最有利。对于搬迁的参与者，超过 30% 的树冠与提高的功能能力（0.33；0.54、0.62）相关，但与恢复力或他们的 HAS 无关。增加的邻里树冠支持健康老龄化。应支持老年人住在家里或搬到附近的养老院，并与绿地和树木保持经常接触，以最大限度地提高健康和福祉的潜在效益。0.54, 0.62) 但不是弹性或他们的 HAS。增加的邻里树冠支持健康老龄化。应支持老年人住在家里或搬到附近的养老院，并与绿地和树木保持经常接触，以最大限度地提高健康和福祉的潜在效益。0.54, 0.62) 但不是弹性或他们的 HAS。增加的邻里树冠支持健康老龄化。应支持老年人住在家里或搬到附近的养老院，并与绿地和树木保持经常接触，以最大限度地提高健康和福祉的潜在效益。