To explore the effects of a longitudinal slope, a curve, and their combined action on the eye movement characteristics and driving safety of drivers in extra-long underwater tunnel, vehicle tests are conducted. Their purpose is to obtain data on the pupil area change rate, blink duration, fixation duration, and average saccade time when a driver passes through each longitudinal slope and curve combination section. The change laws of‘ the eye movement characteristics in different curves and longitudinal slopes are analyzed. Moreover, the change models of the pupil area change rate, blink duration, fixation duration, and average saccade time of drivers under the combined action of a longitudinal slope and a curve are established. Considering multiple eye movement characteristics comprehensively, the TOPSIS method is used to analyze the drivers’ visual load of different longitudinal slope and curve combination sections. The results show that the interaction between a longitudinal slope and a curve has a significant impact on the eye movement characteristics of the drivers, with their combined effect being greater than that of a single factor, i.e., longitudinal slope or curve. A large longitudinal slope and a small curve radius imply a high pupil area change rate, long fixation duration, short blink duration, short average saccade time, and high visual load.

为探究纵坡、弯道及其综合作用对超长水下隧道驾驶员眼动特性及驾驶安全的影响，进行了整车试验。他们的目的是获取驾驶员通过每个纵向斜坡和弯道组合路段时的瞳孔面积变化率、眨眼时长、注视时长和平均扫视时间等数据。分析了眼球运动特性在不同曲线和纵向斜率上的变化规律。此外，建立了纵向斜率和曲线共同作用下驾驶员瞳孔面积变化率、眨眼持续时间、注视持续时间和平均扫视时间的变化模型。综合考虑多种眼动特征，采用TOPSIS方法对不同纵坡和弯道组合路段的驾驶员视觉负荷进行分析。结果表明，纵坡和弯道的交互作用对驾驶员眼动特性有显着影响，其综合影响大于纵坡或弯道单一因素的影响。纵向坡度大和曲线半径小意味着瞳孔面积变化率高、注视时间长、眨眼时间短、平均扫视时间短和视觉负荷高。它们的综合影响大于单一因素的影响，即纵向坡度或曲线。纵向坡度大和曲线半径小意味着瞳孔面积变化率高、注视时间长、眨眼时间短、平均扫视时间短和视觉负荷高。它们的综合影响大于单一因素的影响，即纵向坡度或曲线。纵向坡度大和曲线半径小意味着瞳孔面积变化率高、注视时间长、眨眼时间短、平均扫视时间短和视觉负荷高。