Reverse osmosis (RO) is widely used in wastewater reclamation to alleviate the increasingly global water shortage. However, it has an inconvenient defect of biofouling. Some disinfection processes have been reported to select certain undesirable disinfection-residual bacteria (DRB), leading to severe long-term biofouling potential. To provide constructive guidance on biofouling prevention in RO systems, this study performed a 32-day experiment to parallelly compared the biofouling characteristics of RO membranes of DRB after five mature water disinfection methods (NaClO, NH₂Cl, ClO₂, UV, and O₃) and two recently developed water disinfection methods (K₂FeO₄ and flow-through electrode system). As a result, the DRB biofilm of K₂FeO₄ and O₃ caused a slight normalised flux drop (22.4 ± 2.4% and 23.9 ± 1.7%) of RO membrane compared to the control group (non-disinfected, ~27% normalised flux drop). FES, UV, NaClO and ClO₂ caused aggravated membrane flux drop (29.1 ± 0.3%, 33.3 ± 7.8%, 34.6 ± 6.4%, and 35.5 ± 4.0%, respectively). The biofouling behaviour showed no relationship with bacterial concentration or metabolic activity (p > 0.05). The thickness and compactness of the biofilms and the organics/bacterial number ratio in the biofilm, helped explain the difference in the fouling degree between each group. Moreover, microbial community analysis showed that the relative abundance of typical highly EPS-secretory and biofouling-related genera, such as Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, Methylobacterium, Sphingobium, and Ralstonia, were the main reasons for the high EPS secreting ability of the total bacteria, resulting in aggravation of biofouling degree (p < 0.05). All types of disinfection except for NaClO and ClO₂ effectively prevented pathogen reproduction in the DRB biofilm.

反渗透 (RO) 广泛用于废水回收，以缓解全球日益严重的水资源短缺问题。但是，它有一个不方便的缺陷，即生物污垢。据报道，一些消毒过程会选择某些不需要的消毒残留细菌 (DRB)，从而导致严重的长期生物污染可能性。为了对 RO 系统中的生物污染预防提供建设性指导，本研究进行了为期 32 天的实验，平行比较了 DRB RO 膜在五种成熟的水消毒方法（NaClO、NH 2 Cl、ClO 2 _、 UV_和O ₃ ) 和最近开发的两种水消毒方法 (K ₂ FeO ₄和流通电极系统）。结果，与对照组（未消毒，约 27% 的标准化通量）相比，K 2 FeO 4 和 O 3 的 DRB 生物膜导致 RO 膜的标准化通量略有下降（22.4 ± 2.4% 和_23.9 ± _1.7 % _）降低）。FES、UV、NaClO 和 ClO ₂导致膜通量下降加剧（分别为 29.1 ± 0.3%、33.3 ± 7.8%、34.6 ± 6.4% 和 35.5 ± 4.0%）。生物污染行为与细菌浓度或代谢活动无关（p > 0.05)。生物膜的厚度和致密性以及生物膜中的有机物/细菌数量比有助于解释各组之间污染程度的差异。此外，微生物群落分析表明，典型的高 EPS 分泌和生物污垢相关属的相对丰度，如假单胞菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、甲基杆菌属、鞘氨醇属和罗尔斯通氏菌属，是总 EPS 高分泌能力的主要原因。细菌，导致生物污垢程度加重（p  < 0.05）。_{除 NaClO 和 ClO 2}外的所有类型的消毒有效地阻止了 DRB 生物膜中的病原体繁殖。