Energy storage (ES) and virtual energy storage (VES) are key components to realizing power system decarbonization. Although ES and VES have been proven to deliver various types of grid services, little work has so far provided a systematical framework for quantifying their adequacy contribution and credible capacity value while incorporating human and market behavior. Therefore, this manuscript proposed a novel evaluation framework to evaluate the capacity credit (CC) of ES and VES. To address the system capacity inadequacy and market behavior of storage, a two-stage coordinated dispatch is proposed to achieve the trade-off between day-ahead self-energy management of resources and efficient adjustment to real-time failures. And we further modeled the human behavior with storage operations and incorporate two types of decision-independent uncertainties (DIUs) (operate state and self-consumption) and one type of decision-dependent uncertainty (DDUs) (available capacity) into the proposed dispatch. Furthermore, novel reliability and CC indices (e.g., equivalent physical storage capacity (EPSC)) are introduced to evaluate the practical and theoretical adequacy contribution of ES and VES, as well as the ability to displace generation and physical storage while maintaining equivalent system adequacy. Exhaustive case studies based on the IEEE RTS-79 system and real-world data verify the significant consequence (10%-70% overestimated CC) of overlooking DIUs and DDUs in the previous works, while the proposed method outperforms other and can generate a credible and realistic result. Finally, we investigate key factors affecting the adequacy contribution of ES and VES, and reasonable suggestions are provided for better flexibility utilization of ES and VES in decarbonized power system.

中文翻译：

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脱碳电力系统物理储能和虚拟储能容量信用评价方法

储能（ES）和虚拟储能（VES）是实现电力系统脱碳的关键组成部分。尽管 ES 和 VES 已被证明可以提供各种类型的网格服务，但迄今为止很少有工作提供系统框架来量化其充分性贡献和可信容量价值，同时结合人类和市场行为。因此，本手稿提出了一种新的评估框架来评估 ES 和 VES 的容量信用 (CC)。针对系统容量不足和储能市场行为，提出两阶段协调调度，以实现资源日前自能管理与实时故障高效调整之间的权衡。我们进一步模拟了存储操作的人类行为，并将两种类型的决策无关不确定性 (DIU)（运行状态和自我消耗）和一种类型的决策相关不确定性 (DDU)（可用容量）纳入建议的调度。此外，还引入了新的可靠性和 CC 指标（例如，等效物理存储容量 (EPSC)）来评估 ES 和 VES 的实际和理论充足性贡献，以及在保持等效系统充足性的同时取代发电和物理存储的能力。基于 IEEE RTS-79 系统和真实世界数据的详尽案例研究验证了先前作品中忽视 DIU 和 DDU 的重大后果（高估 CC 10%-70%），而所提出的方法优于其他方法，并且可以产生可信和现实的结果。最后，我们研究了影响ES和VES充分性贡献的关键因素，并为在脱碳电力系统中更好地灵活利用ES和VES提供了合理的建议。