There are various clinical treatments for traumatic brain injury, including surgery, drug therapy, and rehabilitation therapy; however, the therapeutic effects are limited. Scaffolds combined with exosomes represent a promising but challenging method for improving the repair of traumatic brain injury. In this study, we determined the ability of a novel 3D-printed collagen/chitosan scaffold loaded with exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (3D-CC-INExos) to improve traumatic brain injury repair and functional recovery after traumatic brain injury in rats. Composite scaffolds comprising collagen, chitosan, and exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (INExos) continuously released exosomes for 2 weeks. Transplantation of 3D-CC-INExos scaffolds significantly improved motor and cognitive functions in a rat traumatic brain injury model, as assessed by the Morris water maze test and modified neurological severity scores. In addition, immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that 3D-CC-INExos implantation significantly improved the recovery of damaged nerve tissue in the injured area. In conclusion, this study suggests that transplanted 3D-CC-INExos scaffolds might provide a potential strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and lay a solid foundation for clinical translation.

中文翻译：

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载有外泌体的低温 3D 打印胶原蛋白/壳聚糖支架，外泌体源自经胰岛素生长因子-1 预处理的神经干细胞，可增强创伤性脑损伤后的神经再生。

颅脑外伤的临床治疗方法多种多样，包括手术治疗、药物治疗和康复治疗；然而，治疗效果是有限的。支架与外泌体相结合代表了一种用于改善创伤性脑损伤修复的有前途但具有挑战性的方法。在这项研究中，我们确定了一种新型 3D 打印胶原蛋白/壳聚糖支架装载外泌体的能力，该外泌体源自用胰岛素样生长因子-1 (3D-CC-INExos) 预处理的神经干细胞，以改善创伤性脑损伤修复和功能大鼠创伤性脑损伤后的恢复。复合支架包含胶原蛋白、壳聚糖和源自用胰岛素样生长因子-1 (INExos) 预处理的神经干细胞的外泌体，可连续释放外泌体 2 周。3D-CC-INExos 支架的移植显着改善了大鼠创伤性脑损伤模型的运动和认知功能，通过 Morris 水迷宫测试和改良的神经严重程度评分进行评估。此外，免疫荧光染色和透射电子显微镜显示，3D-CC-INExos 植入显着改善了受伤区域受损神经组织的恢复。总之，本研究表明移植的 3D-CC-INExos 支架可能为创伤性脑损伤的治疗提供一种潜在的策略，并为临床转化奠定坚实的基础。免疫荧光染色和透射电子显微镜显示，3D-CC-INExos植入显着改善了受伤区域受损神经组织的恢复。总之，本研究表明移植的 3D-CC-INExos 支架可能为创伤性脑损伤的治疗提供一种潜在的策略，并为临床转化奠定坚实的基础。免疫荧光染色和透射电子显微镜显示，3D-CC-INExos植入显着改善了受伤区域受损神经组织的恢复。总之，本研究表明移植的 3D-CC-INExos 支架可能为创伤性脑损伤的治疗提供一种潜在的策略，并为临床转化奠定坚实的基础。