Female mice can discriminate the urinary odors of male mice due to their olfactory acuity. Parasitic infection or subclinical infection can decrease the odor attractiveness of male mice and finally lead to aversion or avoidance responses in odor selection for female mice. Trichinella spiralis is a kind of tissue-parasitizing nematode that causes trichinellosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease that spreads throughout the world. However, the reproductive injury caused by Trichinella spiralis infection was not fully revealed. In this study, we explored the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the reproductive capacity in ICR/CD-1 male mice. We identified eight volatile compounds in urine by GC-MS analysis, and the results indicated that the contents of dimethyl sulfone, Z-7-tetradecen-1-ol, 6-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone and (S)-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole were significantly downregulated after parasitic infection, which might lead to the reduction of attractiveness of male mice urine to females. On the other hand, parasitic infection decreased sperm quality and downregulated the expression levels of Herc4, Ipo11, and Mrto4, and these genes were strongly related to spermatogenesis. In summary, this study revealed that the reproductive injury caused by Trichinella spiralis infection in ICR/CD-1 male mice could be associated with a decrease in urine pheromone content and sperm quality.

中文翻译：

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旋毛虫感染通过降低尿液信息素含量和精子质量影响 ICR/CD-1 雄性小鼠的生殖能力

由于嗅觉敏锐，雌性小鼠可以辨别雄性小鼠的尿液气味。寄生虫感染或亚临床感染可降低雄性小鼠的气味吸引力，最终导致雌性小鼠对气味选择产生厌恶或回避反应。旋毛虫是一种组织寄生线虫，可引起旋毛虫病，这是一种在世界范围内传播的人畜共患寄生虫病。然而，旋毛虫感染引起的生殖损伤并未完全揭示。在这项研究中，我们探讨了旋毛虫感染对 ICR/CD-1 雄性小鼠生殖能力的影响。我们通过 GC-MS 分析鉴定了尿液中的八种挥发性化合物，结果表明二甲基砜、Z-7-tetracecen-1-ol、6-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone 和 (S)- 的含量2-仲丁基-4, 5-二氢噻唑在寄生虫感染后显着下调，这可能导致雄性小鼠尿液对雌性小鼠的吸引力降低。另一方面，寄生虫感染降低了精子质量并下调了 Herc4、Ipo11 和 Mrto4 的表达水平，这些基因与精子发生密切相关。总之，本研究表明，ICR/CD-1 雄性小鼠旋毛虫感染引起的生殖损伤可能与尿液信息素含量和精子质量下降有关。这些基因与精子发生密切相关。总之，本研究表明，ICR/CD-1 雄性小鼠旋毛虫感染引起的生殖损伤可能与尿液信息素含量和精子质量下降有关。这些基因与精子发生密切相关。总之，本研究表明，ICR/CD-1 雄性小鼠旋毛虫感染引起的生殖损伤可能与尿液信息素含量和精子质量下降有关。