Violence against children is an issue of serious concern. Stigma impacts coping with childhood trauma. A central aspect regarding disclosing trauma and seeking help is the social perception of the victim and survivor's gender. This review aims to synthesize qualitative and quantitative research about the impact of the victim and survivor gender on the societal perceptions of individuals who have experienced sexual and/or physical violence in childhood. This review considered both society's and victims and survivors' perspectives on gender-linked perceptions concerning individuals with childhood trauma. The initial search was conducted in November 2021 and involved the databases Web of Science, PubMed, and PsychInfo. All studies, published in English or German, that reported study design, sample characteristics, and gender-linked perceptions of individuals with a history of sexual and/or physical violence in childhood were included. A total of 10,373 studies were identified, of which 20 studies were eligible for review. Six studies reported no significant victim gender effect. However, when significant victim gender effects were present, males were characterized with considerably more stigmatizing attributes regarding the blame category while females were exposed to considerably more stigmatizing attributes regarding the harm category. Females and males experience stigmatization reflecting typical stereotypes of femininity and masculinity. Thus, females are perceived as more vulnerable, more burdened, and with a higher need for security than males. Males are seen as more blameworthy and less trustworthy than females due to their presumed capability to physically resist or escape abuse.

中文翻译：

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强性别和弱性别——童年时期经历过身体暴力和性暴力的个人的看法存在性别差异。范围审查

针对儿童的暴力行为是一个令人严重关切的问题。耻辱影响应对童年创伤。披露创伤和寻求帮助的一个核心方面是社会对受害者和幸存者性别的看法。本综述旨在综合关于受害者和幸存者性别对童年经历过性暴力和/或身体暴力的个人的社会看法影响的定性和定量研究。本次审查考虑了社会、受害者和幸存者对童年创伤个人与性别相关的看法的看法。初步检索于 2021 年 11 月进行，涉及数据库 Web of Science、PubMed 和 PsychInfo。所有以英语或德语发表的、报告研究设计、样本特征以及对童年有性暴力和/或身体暴力史的个体的性别相关认知的研究都被纳入其中。总共确定了 10,373 项研究，其中 20 项研究符合审查资格。六项研究报告没有显着的受害者性别影响。然而，当存在显着的受害者性别影响时，男性在归咎类别方面具有更多的污名化属性，而女性则在伤害类别方面面临更多的污名化属性。女性和男性经历的耻辱反映了女性气质和男性气质的典型刻板印象。因此，女性被认为比男性更脆弱、负担更重、对安全感的需求更高。由于男性被认为有能力抵抗或逃避虐待，因此男性被认为比女性更值得指责，更不值得信任。