This article investigates the development of wh-in-situ questions in French by examining a three-year kindergarten dataset of spontaneous productions with 16 children between 2;5 and 5;11. The distribution of the wh-phrases is statistically examined in relation to age, verb form (Fixed be form c’est ‘it is’ vs. Free be forms vs. Free lexical verbs), and grammatical category of the wh-word (Pronoun vs. Adverb). Results show that wh-in-situ remains prevalent throughout the period despite a steady increase in wh-ex-situ. Verb form (Fixed vs. All free forms) is a discriminating variable for the wh-position in all three years, and it interacts with the category of the wh-word. The Fixed be form c’est favours in-situ wh-pronouns (c’est qui Taz ?), whereas the Free forms favour wh-ex-situ questions, and massively co-occur with wh-adverbs (combien ça coûte ?). The emergence of the ex-situ qu’est-ce que ‘what is it that’, as opposed to the in-situ quoi ‘what’, is identified as a factor accounting for the gradual increase in wh-ex-situ. Finally, most outliers (wh-in-situ with Free forms) are shown to belong to the same paradigm as c’est in-situ questions: non-presuppositional questions, which are visible from the frequent use of là ‘there’, like c’est, a deictic item.

本文通过检查 16 个年龄在 2;5 到 5;11 之间的儿童的三年幼儿园自发作品数据集，研究了法语中 wh 现场问题的发展。wh短语的分布与年龄、动词形式（固定be形式c'est 'it is' 对比自由be形式对比自由词汇动词）以及wh词的语法类别（代词）进行统计检查与副词）。结果表明，尽管异位现象稳步增加，但原位现象在整个时期仍然普遍存在。动词形式（固定形式与所有自由形式）是所有三年中wh位置的判别变量，它与wh词的类别相互作用。固定be形式c'est有利于原位wh代词 ( c'est qui Taz ? )，而自由形式则有利于wh易地疑问句，并且大量与wh副词同时出现( commien ça coûte ? ) 。异地qu'est-ce que “这是什么”的出现，与原地quoi “什么”相对，被认为是解释异地wh逐渐增加的一个因素。最后，大多数离群值（wh -in-situ 具有自由形式）被证明与c'est in-situ 问题属于同一范式：非预设问题，从là 'there' 的频繁使用中可以看出，例如c'est，指示项。