The United Nations (UN) has adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aiming to provide human welfare and conserve the planet, now and into the future. Two of the SDGs directly address biodiversity conservation and sustainable development – SDG 14 (life below water) and SDG 15 (life on land). Although the UN has issued annual reports on SDGs, the reports did not consistently reveal the progress over time, because of inconsistent methods such as estimation based on different indicators across years. Our research examined the dynamics of the same 10 indicators for SDGs 14 and 15 between 2010 and 2020. Results indicate that the overall SDG 14 scores had a small growth between 2010 and 2020, whereas the substantial increase in SDG 15 scores spotlighted the conservation efforts and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystem services, especially in countries with biodiversity hotspots. Globally, there was more progress in terms of SDG 15 scores during 2015–2020 than during 2010–2015 (before the UN adopted SDGs in 2015). Surprisingly, SDG 14 score had smaller progress during 2015–2020 than during 2010–2015. Special attention should be given to low-income countries lagging in sustainable development performance when implementing the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

联合国 (UN) 已经通过了 17 个可持续发展目标 (SDG)，旨在为现在和未来提供人类福祉和保护地球。SDGs 中有两个直接涉及生物多样性保护和可持续发展——SDG 14（水下生物）和 SDG 15（陆地生物）。尽管联合国发布了关于可持续发展目标的年度报告，但由于跨年基于不同指标的估算等方法不一致，报告并未始终如一地揭示随着时间的推移取得的进展。我们的研究检查了 2010 年至 2020 年间可持续发展目标 14 和 15 的相同 10 个指标的动态。结果表明，可持续发展目标 14 的总体得分在 2010 年至 2020 年间略有增长，而可持续发展目标 15 得分的大幅增加突出了保护工作和可持续利用陆地生态系统服务，特别是在拥有生物多样性热点的国家。在全球范围内，2015-2020 年可持续发展目标 15 得分比 2010-2015 年（联合国 2015 年通过可持续发展目标之前）取得了更大进展。令人惊讶的是，与 2010-2015 年相比，SDG 14 得分在 2015-2020 年期间的进展较小。在实施 2020 年后全球生物多样性框架时，应特别关注可持续发展绩效落后的低收入国家。