How sustainable is salmon aquaculture? The criteria for responding to this question are set by different organisations, since the concept of sustainable aquaculture is a social construction and there are no agreed criteria for establishing this sustainability condition and its evolution. Using an historical political ecology perspective, this paper unravels the evolution of this social construction over the past 50 years in order to establish how sustainability, responsibility, and sustainable development have been (re)constructed over time in response to changing demands. These constructions are traced through scientific publications, business reports, international organisation literature, and in terms of regulatory and consumer pressures. The documents provide evidence of the ways in which the sector evolved a particular conception of sustainability alongside the emerging global agenda set in motion by the Stockholm Conference of 1972, precisely at a time when the collapse of many capture fisheries became evident and aquaculture was presented as a more sustainable alternative. The conclusions point to the importance, for the sector, of restricting the sustainability concept to a narrow definition of business responsibility based on eco-efficiency, bio-security, and innovation, and separating this responsibility from the broader-based concept of sustainable development promoted by most UN agencies, governments, and NGOs.

三文鱼养殖的可持续性如何？回答这个问题的标准是由不同的组织制定的，因为可持续水产养殖的概念是一种社会建构，并且没有公认的标准来建立这种可持续性条件及其演变。本文使用历史政治生态学的视角，揭示了过去 50 年来这种社会建构的演变，以确定可持续性、责任和可持续发展是如何随着时间的推移（重新）构建以响应不断变化的需求。这些构造可通过科学出版物、商业报告、国际组织文献以及监管和消费者压力进行追踪。这些文件提供了证据，证明该部门如何随着 1972 年斯德哥尔摩会议启动的新兴全球议程发展出一种特定的可持续性概念，恰逢许多捕捞渔业的崩溃变得明显，水产养殖被描述为更可持续的替代方案。结论指出，对于该行业而言，将可持续性概念限制为基于生态效率、生物安全和创新的商业责任的狭义定义，并将这一责任与更广泛的可持续发展概念分开是很重要的大多数联合国机构、政府和非政府组织。恰恰是在许多捕捞渔业明显崩溃，水产养殖被视为更可持续的替代方案的时候。结论指出，对于该行业而言，将可持续性概念限制为基于生态效率、生物安全和创新的商业责任的狭义定义，并将这一责任与更广泛的可持续发展概念分开是很重要的大多数联合国机构、政府和非政府组织。恰恰是在许多捕捞渔业明显崩溃，水产养殖被视为更可持续的替代方案的时候。结论指出，对于该行业而言，将可持续性概念限制为基于生态效率、生物安全和创新的商业责任的狭义定义，并将这一责任与更广泛的可持续发展概念分开是很重要的大多数联合国机构、政府和非政府组织。