Background: To look at the differences and similarities in albumin and lipid metabolism in non-severe COVID-19 infection, non-severe community-acquired pneumonia, and severe community pneumonia with underlying diseases, as well as the relationship between albumin and lipid metabolism and inflammatory mediators.
Methods: This retrospective analysis comprised 253 individuals with bacterial pneumonia and COVID-19 infection (1 May 2021– 1 May 2022). Routine blood examination, blood lipid levels, albumin level, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, coagulation function, cardiac enzymes, liver function, renal function, immunological function, and bacterial culture were also collected. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s test for lipid parameter and Inflammatory factors in the blood. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was employed to analyze the multicollinearity in lipidomics data. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistic version 19.0.
Results: There were 63 (24.90%) non-severe community-acquired pneumonia patients (NSCAP), 48 (18.97%) severe community-acquired pneumonia patients (SCAP), 112 (44.27%) non-severe COVID-19 infection patients (NSCOV), and 30 (11.86%) healthy volunteers (HV). In all, 45.59% (116/253) of the patients had underlying diseases. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia had lower albumin and cholesterol levels than those with non-severe COVID-19 infection and healthy controls (t = − 3.81, − 2.09, P = 0.00, 0.04). Albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL-C levels in peripheral blood were considerably lower in the SCAP group than in the NSCAP group. Albumin, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and aop-A were all inversely connected with CRP in the SCAP with underlying illness group, but cholesterol level was favorably correlated with lymphocyte count (R = 0.36, P = 0.01). Hypoproteinemia, hypotriglyceridemia, and an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio are all risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia.
Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia and abnormal lipid metabolism are important indicators of bacterial infection, especially severe bacterial pneumonia.



中文翻译：

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患有基础疾病和由细菌或 SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的社区获得性肺炎的住院患者的脂质和白蛋白代谢生物标志物

背景：探讨非重症 COVID-19 感染、非重症社区获得性肺炎、重症社区肺炎合并基础疾病患者白蛋白和脂质代谢的异同，以及白蛋白和脂质代谢与疾病的关系。炎症介质。
方法：这项回顾性分析包括 253 名患有细菌性肺炎和 COVID-19 感染的个体（2021 年 5 月 1 日至 2022 年 5 月 1 日）。还收集了血常规、血脂水平、白蛋白水平、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平、凝血功能、心肌酶、肝功能、肾功能、免疫功能和细菌培养。使用 Spearman 检验对血液中的脂质参数和炎症因子进行相关性分析。此外，采用多元线性回归 (MLR) 分析来分析脂质组学数据中的多重共线性。使用SPSS statistic version 19.0进行统计分析。
结果：有63名（24.90%）非重症社区获得性肺炎患者（NSCAP），48名（18.97%）重症社区获得性肺炎患者（SCAP），112名（44.27%）非重症COVID-19感染患者（NSCOV）和 30 (11.86%) 名健康志愿者 (HV)。总共有45.59%（116/253）的患者有基础疾病。社区获得性肺炎患者的白蛋白和胆固醇水平低于非严重 COVID-19 感染者和健康对照者（t = − 3.81，− 2.09，P = 0.00，0.04）。SCAP 组外周血中的白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇和 LDL-C 水平显着低于 NSCAP 组。白蛋白、胆固醇、HDL-C、LDL-C 和 aop-A 均与 SCAP 基础疾病组中的 CRP 呈负相关，但胆固醇水平与淋巴细胞计数呈良好相关（R = 0.36，P = 0. 01). 低蛋白血症、低甘油三酯血症和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞计数比率升高都是严重社区获得性肺炎的危险因素。
结论：低白蛋白血症和脂代谢异常是细菌感染，尤其是重症细菌性肺炎的重要指标。