Electrification of trucking combined with connected technologies promise to cut the cost of freight transportation, reduce its environmental footprint, and make roads safer. If electric trucks are powerful enough to cease behaving as moving bottlenecks, they could also increase the capacity of existing roads and reduce the demand for new road infrastructure, a consequence that has so far been understudied. To explore the potential speed changes of replacing conventional heavy-duty drayage trucks with electric and/or connected trucks, we performed microscopic traffic simulations on a network centered on I-710, the country’s most important economic artery, between the San Pedro Bay Ports and downtown Los Angeles, in Southern California. In addition to a 2012 baseline, we analyzed twelve scenarios for the year 2035, characterized by three levels of road improvements and four types of heavy-duty port trucks (HDPT). Our results show that 1,000 hp electric/hydrogen trucks (eTs) can be a substitute for additional freeway lanes in busy freight corridors. While conventional HDPTs with CACC would only slightly increase network speeds, replacing conventional HDPTs with eTs and improving selected I-710 ramps should be sufficient to absorb the forecast increases in drayage demand for 2035 without adding a controversial lane to I-710. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the impacts on speed of new vehicle technologies in infrastructure planning. They also suggest shifting funding from building new capacity to financing 1,000 hp connected electric trucks in freight corridors until the market for these vehicles has matured.

卡车电气化与互联技术相结合有望降低货运成本、减少环境足迹并使道路更加安全。如果电动卡车足够强大，不再成为移动瓶颈，它们还可以增加现有道路的通行能力并减少对新道路基础设施的需求，这是迄今为止尚未得到充分研究的结果。为了探索用电动和/或互联卡车取代传统重型运输卡车的潜在速度变化，我们在以 I-710 为中心的网络上进行了微观交通模拟，I-710 是该国最重要的经济动脉，位于圣佩德罗湾港口和圣佩德罗湾港口之间。洛杉矶市中心，在南加州。除了 2012 年的基线外，我们还分析了 2035 年的十二种情景，以三级道路改善和四种类型的重型港口卡车 (HDPT) 为特征。我们的结果表明，1,000 马力的电动/氢燃料卡车 (eT) 可以替代繁忙货运走廊中额外的高速公路车道。虽然采用 CACC 的传统 HDPT 只会略微提高网络速度，但用 eT 取代传统 HDPT 并改进选定的 I-710 坡道应该足以吸收 2035 年拖运需求的预测增长，而无需在 I-710 上增加一条有争议的车道。我们的结果强调了在基础设施规划中考虑新车辆技术对速度的影响的重要性。他们还建议将资金从建设新产能转移到为货运走廊中的 1,000 马力互联电动卡车融资，直到这些车辆的市场成熟为止。