The multilingual turn in applied linguistics has produced a number of models that approach multilingualism from a variety of disciplinary and theoretical perspectives. However, fully developed models of multilingualism that focus on the language practices of individuals and groups are still lacking. This paper contributes to address this gap by introducing visual models that represent the contexts of practice and attitudes to the languages in the repertoire of lower secondary pupils in Norway. The paper starts by introducing the rich linguistic scenario in Norway and the role of language learning in developing students’ multilingual abilities. After a brief discussion on the role of practice in language learning, we provide an outline of current models of multilingualism, situating our visual models, the Ungspråk Practice-Based Models of Multilingualism (UPMM), in the field. The paper then focuses on the properties of the UPMM, which represent data collected from an online questionnaire answered by 593 students in lower secondary school and allow for the exploration of data both from the perspective of the whole group of participants and from an individual perspective. Particular attention is paid to the interactive features of the models, which can be used by teachers and educators as pedagogical tools for exploring multilingualism and language learning. The paper concludes with a discussion of the contexts of practice for the languages in the participants’ repertoires based on the visual models.

中文翻译：

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可视化初中学生的语言实践：基于实践的多语言模型概述

应用语言学的多语言转向产生了许多从各种学科和理论角度研究多语言现象的模型。然而，仍然缺乏以个人和群体的语言实践为重点的全面发展的多语言模式。本文通过引入视觉模型来弥补这一差距，这些模型代表了挪威初中学生对语言的实践背景和态度。本文首先介绍了挪威丰富的语言场景以及语言学习在培养学生多语言能力方面的作用。在简要讨论了实践在语言学习中的作用之后，我们概述了当前的多语言模型，定位我们的视觉模型，该领域的 Ungspråk 基于实践的多语言模型 (UPMM)。然后，本文重点介绍了 UPMM 的属性，它代表了从 593 名初中学生回答的在线问卷中收集的数据，并允许从整个参与者组和个人的角度探索数据。特别注意模型的交互特征，教师和教育工作者可以将其用作探索多语言和语言学习的教学工具。本文最后讨论了基于视觉模型的参与者库中语言的实践环境。它代表了从 593 名初中学生回答的在线问卷中收集的数据，并允许从整个参与者组和个人的角度探索数据。特别注意模型的交互特征，教师和教育工作者可以将其用作探索多语言和语言学习的教学工具。本文最后讨论了基于视觉模型的参与者库中语言的实践环境。它代表了从 593 名初中学生回答的在线问卷中收集的数据，并允许从整个参与者组和个人的角度探索数据。特别注意模型的交互特征，教师和教育工作者可以将其用作探索多语言和语言学习的教学工具。本文最后讨论了基于视觉模型的参与者库中语言的实践环境。教师和教育工作者可以将其用作探索多语性和语言学习的教学工具。本文最后讨论了基于视觉模型的参与者库中语言的实践环境。教师和教育工作者可以将其用作探索多语性和语言学习的教学工具。本文最后讨论了基于视觉模型的参与者库中语言的实践环境。