Frequent fishing activities are causing overfishing, destroying the habitat of marine life, and threatening global marine biodiversity. Understanding the dynamics of fishing activities and their drivers is crucial for designing and implementing effective ocean management. The fishing activities in the open sea are reported to be characterized by high spatial variability in local waters; however, it is still unclear whether their high spatial variability is random or regulated by oceanographic variations. Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous swirling currents that dominate locally biogeochemical processes. Previous case studies presented an ongoing debate regarding how eddies exert impacts on high trophic organisms, which imposes limitations on understanding the dynamics of fishing activities based on the bottom-top control hypothesis from eddies to fish and fishing activities. By combining global fishing activities from deep learning and oceanic eddy atlases from satellite monitoring, we showed that the spatial variations in fishing activities were closely related to mesoscale eddies in the global midlatitude ocean, confirming that fishing activities primarily targeting tuna, were aggregated in (repelled from) anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddy cores. This eddy-fishing activity relationship was opposite to satellite-observed primary production but corresponded well with the temperature and oxygen content in deeper water. By integrating existing evidence, we attribute eddy-related fishing activities to a reasonable hypothesis that warm and oxygen-rich deeper water in anticyclonic eddies relieves the thermal and anoxic constraints for diving predation by tuna while the constraints are aggravated in cold and oxygen-poor cyclonic eddies.

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中尺度涡旋调节全球中纬度海洋中人类捕鱼活动的动态

频繁的捕捞活动导致过度捕捞，破坏海洋生物栖息地，威胁全球海洋生物多样性。了解捕鱼活动的动态及其驱动因素对于设计和实施有效的海洋管理至关重要。据报告，公海捕鱼活动的特点是当地水域的空间变化很大；然而，目前尚不清楚它们的高空间变异性是随机的还是受海洋学变化的调节。中尺度涡流是普遍存在的涡流，主导着当地的生物地球化学过程。以前的案例研究提出了关于涡流如何对高营养生物产生影响的持续辩论，这限制了理解基于从漩涡到鱼类和捕鱼活动的自下而上控制假设的捕鱼活动的动态。通过结合深度学习的全球捕鱼活动和卫星监测的海洋涡流地图集，我们表明捕鱼活动的空间变化与全球中纬度海洋中的中尺度涡流密切相关，证实主要针对金枪鱼的捕鱼活动聚集在（排斥）来自）反气旋（气旋）涡核。这种涡流捕鱼活动关系与卫星观测到的初级生产相反，但与深水中的温度和氧气含量非常吻合。通过整合现有证据，